标题： 定量双能和三能CT成像材料组成的统一图像重建框架 显示英文标题

标题： A unified image reconstruction framework for quantitative dual- and triple-energy CT imaging of material compositions

摘要： 许多临床应用关键取决于在患者解剖结构中准确区分和分类不同类型的材料。 这项工作引入了一个统一的框架，用于准确的非线性材料分解，并首次将其应用于三能级CT（TECT）的概念中，以增强材料区分和分类以及双能CT。 三能级数据采集在微CT和临床CT成像的尺度上实现，使用商用"TwinBeam"双源DECT配置和快速kV切换DECT配置。 还进行了与光子计数探测器以及存在bow-tie滤波器的定量比较。 所提出的方法提供了定量的材料和能量选择性图像，检查双能和三能CT测量的实际配置。 与多色kV CT图像相比，虚拟单色图像显示出更优的图像质量。 对于小鼠体模，定量测量显示，使用TECT和理想化的光子计数CT（PCCT）获得的钆双胺和碘浓度之间的差异分别小于8 mg/mL和1 mg/mL。 TECT在多对比度CT成像中优于DECT，并且对谱估计具有鲁棒性。 对于胸部体模，所有实际配置下对比图中的浓度与相应的真实参考值之间的差异均小于7 mg/mL。 已经建立了一个适用于双能和三能CT成像的统一框架，以准确提取材料成分；考虑到目前可用的商用DECT配置。 这种新技术有望为几种基于CT的诊断和治疗应用提供迫切需要的解决方案。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Many clinical applications depend critically on the accurate differentiation and classification of different types of materials in patient anatomy. This work introduces a unified framework for accurate nonlinear material decomposition and applies it, for the first time, in the concept of triple-energy CT (TECT) for enhanced material differentiation and classification as well as dual-energy CT. The triple-energy data acquisition is implemented at the scales of micro-CT and clinical CT imaging with commercial "TwinBeam" dual-source DECT configuration and a fast kV switching DECT configuration. Material decomposition and quantitative comparison with a photon counting detector and with the presence of a bow-tie filter are also performed. The proposed method provides quantitative material- and energy-selective images examining realistic configurations for both dual- and triple-energy CT measurements. Compared to the polychromatic kV CT images, virtual monochromatic images show superior image quality. For the mouse phantom, quantitative measurements show that the differences between gadodiamide and iodine concentrations obtained using TECT and idealized photon counting CT (PCCT) are smaller than 8 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively. TECT outperforms DECT for multi-contrast CT imaging and is robust with respect to spectrum estimation. For the thorax phantom, the differences between the concentrations of the contrast map and the corresponding true reference values are smaller than 7 mg/mL for all of the realistic configurations. A unified framework for both dual- and triple-energy CT imaging has been established for the accurate extraction of material compositions; considering currently available commercial DECT configurations. The novel technique is promising to provide an urgently needed solution for several CT-based diagnosis and therapy applications.