标题： 经济不平等与伊斯兰慈善：一种探索性的基于代理的建模方法 显示英文标题

标题： Economic inequality and Islamic Charity: An exploratory agent-based modeling approach

摘要： 经济不平等是全球大多数经济和社会政策制定者确保可持续经济增长和正义的关键问题。 在主流经济学派，即新古典理论中，经济问题是以机械的方式处理的。 这种主流框架主要集中在基于公理方案的社会经济系统研究，其中还原论方法起着至关重要的作用。 这类理论的主要局限性包括经济主体的无限理性、将经济总量简化为一组可预测因素以及对经济主体适应性和进化性质的关注不足。 在过去二十年中，为了弥补传统经济模型的缺陷，一些新的方法被采用。 其中一种新方法是复杂适应系统（CAS）框架，该框架在实践中表现出非常有前景的性能。 与主流学派不同，在这个框架下，经济现象以有机的方式进行研究，经济主体被认为是有限理性和适应性的。 根据这一观点，经济总量来自于系统中代理人的决策和互动方式。 作为一种建模CAS的强大方式， 基于代理的模型（ABMs）在学者和实践者中得到了越来越广泛的应用。 ABMs表明，代理人在微观尺度上的简单行为规则和它们之间的局部互动可以产生宏观尺度上令人惊讶的复杂模式。 在本文中，ABMs被用来展示（1）经济不平等如何在一个系统中出现，并解释（2）伊斯兰慈善规则萨达卡如何主要有助于缓解不平等，以及慈善机构采取的资源分配策略如何加速这一缓解过程。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Economic inequality is one of the pivotal issues for most of economic and social policy makers across the world to insure the sustainable economic growth and justice. In the mainstream school of economics, namely neoclassical theories, economic issues are dealt with in a mechanistic manner. Such a mainstream framework is majorly focused on investigating a socio-economic system based on an axiomatic scheme where reductionism approach plays a vital role. The major limitations of such theories include unbounded rationality of economic agents, reducing the economic aggregates to a set of predictable factors and lack of attention to adaptability and the evolutionary nature of economic agents. In tackling deficiencies of conventional economic models, in the past two decades, some new approaches have been recruited. One of those novel approaches is the Complex adaptive systems (CAS) framework which has shown a very promising performance in action. In contrast to mainstream school, under this framework, the economic phenomena are studied in an organic manner where the economic agents are supposed to be both boundedly rational and adaptive. According to it, the economic aggregates emerge out of the ways agents of a system decide and interact. As a powerful way of modeling CASs, Agent-based models (ABMs) has found a growing application among academicians and practitioners. ABMs show that how simple behavioral rules of agents and local interactions among them at micro-scale can generate surprisingly complex patterns at macro-scale. In this paper, ABMs have been used to show (1) how an economic inequality emerges in a system and to explain (2) how sadaqah as an Islamic charity rule can majorly help alleviating the inequality and how resource allocation strategies taken by charity entities can accelerate this alleviation.