标题： 一个无漏洞的惠勒延迟选择实验 显示英文标题

标题： A loophole-free Wheeler-delayed-choice experiment

摘要： 惠勒的延迟选择实验研究了波粒二象性的不确定性以及测量装置在量子理论中的作用。 由于与经典物理不一致，人们普遍认为无法通过隐变量理论再现延迟选择实验。 最近，研究表明这一假设是错误的，事实上惠勒的延迟选择实验可以用因果二维隐变量理论来解释 [R. Chaves, G. B. Lemos 和 J. Pienaar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 190401 (2018)]。 在这里，我们使用空间类隔的光子态进行了一种设备无关的延迟选择实验，并展示了一个无漏洞的延迟选择协议版本，该版本与量子理论一致，但与任何因果二维隐变量理论不一致。 这挽救了惠勒的思想实验，并表明因果性可以以一种补充的方式用于测试量子理论，与贝尔和Leggett-Garg测试相辅相成。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment investigates the indeterminacy of wave-particle duality and the role played by the measurement apparatus in quantum theory. Due to the inconsistency with classical physics, it has been generally believed that it is not possible to reproduce the delayed-choice experiment using a hidden variable theory. Recently, it was shown that this assumption was incorrect, and in fact Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment can be explained by a causal two dimensional hidden-variable theory [R. Chaves, G. B. Lemos, and J. Pienaar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 190401 (2018)]. Here, we carry out an experiment of a device-independent delayed-choice experiment using photon states that are space-like separated, and demonstrate a loophole-free version of the delayed-choice protocol that is consistent with quantum theory but inconsistent with any causal two-dimensional hidden variable theory. This salvages Wheeler's thought experiment and shows that causality can be used to test quantum theory in a complementary way to the Bell and Leggett-Garg tests.