标题： 网络动力学中的对抗现象 显示英文标题

标题： Antagonistic Phenomena in Network Dynamics

摘要： 最近关于复杂系统网络建模的研究，使得众多自然、社会和工程系统现在被识别为相互作用部分的网络，这种表示方式变得非常方便。 这些系统可以表现出大量现象，这些现象不仅不能仅通过检查其组成部分来预测，正如复杂性的教科书定义所描述的那样，而且即使在如今网络科学所知的背景下考虑时，也会挑战直觉。 在这里，我们回顾了最近关于这两种具有深远影响的现象类别的文献：(i) 对状态或参数变化的对抗性响应，以及 (ii) 表面不一致的行为或特性共存——这两者都源于动态的集体性和本质上去中心化的性质。 它们包括工程材料中的负压缩性、生物网络中的救援相互作用、流体网络中的负电阻，以及在交通和供应链网络中出现的布雷思悖论。 它们还包括远程同步、孤子态以及大脑、电网和振荡器网络中对称性破缺的反面，以及生物和仿生系统中的远程控制。 通过提供这些不同情况的统一视角，我们认为它们代表了一类更广泛的前所未有的网络现象，这些现象应该由未来的研究揭示和解释。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Recent research on the network modeling of complex systems has led to a convenient representation of numerous natural, social, and engineered systems that are now recognized as networks of interacting parts. Such systems can exhibit a wealth of phenomena that not only cannot be anticipated from merely examining their parts, as per the textbook definition of complexity, but also challenge intuition even when considered in the context of what is now known in network science. Here we review the recent literature on two major classes of such phenomena that have far-reaching implications: (i) antagonistic responses to changes of states or parameters and (ii) coexistence of seemingly incongruous behaviors or properties -- both deriving from the collective and inherently decentralized nature of the dynamics. They include effects as diverse as negative compressibility in engineered materials, rescue interactions in biological networks, negative resistance in fluid networks, and the Braess paradox occurring across transport and supply networks. They also include remote synchronization, chimera states and the converse of symmetry breaking in brain, power-grid and oscillator networks as well as remote control in biological and bio-inspired systems. By offering a unified view of these various scenarios, we suggest that they are representative of a yet broader class of unprecedented network phenomena that ought to be revealed and explained by future research.