标题： 由耗散引起的漂移 显示英文标题

标题： Drift induced by dissipation

摘要： 活性粒子已成为从动物行为到颗粒物理等多个学科研究的热点。 通常，这类粒子的模型包含显式的内部驱动力。 在这里，我们提出一个隐式驱动的模型，即在零温度下，粒子的行为是完全耗散的，但在看似无害的平衡涨落存在时，会变得活跃。 这种活性的机制与化学-机械耦合中的梯度结构的破坏有关。 我们表明，这种活性粒子的热力学特性关键取决于惯性，无法在标准的Smoluchowski极限中正确捕捉。 为了处理停滞条件，我们对斯托克斯效率进行了推广，评估主动力生成的质量。 我们提出了一种简单的实现方式，通过一个能够将涨落转化为定向电流而无需显式电压源的电路。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Active particles have become a subject of intense interest across several disciplines from animal behavior to granular physics. Usually the models of such particles contain an explicit internal driving. Here we propose a model with implicit driving in the sense that the behavior of our particle is fully dissipative at zero temperature but becomes active in the presence of seemingly innocent equilibrium fluctuations. The mechanism of activity is related to the breaking of the gradient structure in the chemo-mechanical coupling. We show that the thermodynamics of such active particles depends crucially on inertia and cannot be correctly captured in the standard Smoluchowski limit. To deal with stall conditions, we generalize the definition of Stokes efficiency, assessing the quality of active force generation. We propose a simple realization of the model in terms of an electric circuit capable of turning fluctuations into a directed current without an explicit source of voltage.