标题： 福克空间中的隐藏热结构 显示英文标题

标题： Hidden thermal structure in Fock space

摘要： 从闭合多体系统的单个纯态中出现量子统计力学目前正受到广泛研究。 虽然大多数努力都集中在粒子之间的直接相互作用（即通常的相互作用）的影响上，但在这里我们系统且分析地研究了由于粒子不可区分性而产生的交换相互作用的影响。 我们表明，这种相互作用导致大量福克态表现出一种结构，这种结构只能通过根据系统动力学特性调整的可观测量才能解析，并由此产生热分布。 在福克空间中发现的这种隐藏的热结构与数学中所谓的随机几何对象的极限形状有关。 该结构使我们能够揭示理想和非理想费米气体中，从单个本征态中出现量子统计力学的新机制。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The emergence of quantum statistical mechanics from individual pure states of closed many-body systems is currently under intensive investigations. While most efforts have been put on the impacts of the direct interaction (i.e., the usual mutual interaction) between particles, here we study systematically and analytically the impacts of the exchange interaction, that arises from the particle indistinguishability. We show that this interaction leads an overwhelming number of Fock states to exhibit a structure, that can be resolved only by observables adjusted according to system's dynamical properties and from which thermal distributions emerge. This hidden thermal structure in Fock space is found to be related to the so-called limit shape of random geometric objects in mathematics. The structure enables us to uncover, for both ideal and nonideal Fermi gases, new mechanisms for the emergence of quantum statistical mechanics from individual eigenstates.