标题： 胚胎反转在$Volvox~carteri$中：弹性唇的翻转和剥离 显示英文标题

标题： Embryonic Inversion in $Volvox~carteri$: The Flipping and Peeling of Elastic Lips

摘要： 绿藻$Volvox~carteri$的胚胎是球形的细胞层，它们在发育结束时通过细胞形状的变化程序将自己翻转过来。 这个翻转过程是形态发生细胞层变形的模型；它开始于细胞层的前极有四个唇状结构打开，翻转并剥离以使胚胎翻转。 实验研究显示，如果这些细胞形状的变化被抑制，翻转过程就会停止，但这些观察结果的机械基础一直不清楚。 在这里，我们通过为这些唇状结构推导出一个平均弹性理论来分析这种翻转的力学，并根据翻转的力学和演变来解释实验观察结果。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The embryos of the green alga $Volvox~carteri$ are spherical sheets of cells that turn themselves inside out at the close of their development through a programme of cell shape changes. This process of inversion is a model for morphogenetic cell sheet deformations; it starts with four lips opening up at the anterior pole of the cell sheet, flipping over and peeling back to invert the embryo. Experimental studies have revealed that inversion is arrested if some of these cell shape changes are inhibited, but the mechanical basis for these observations has remained unclear. Here, we analyse the mechanics of this inversion by deriving an averaged elastic theory for these lips and we interpret the experimental observations in terms of the mechanics and evolution of inversion.