标题： 部分相干自旋-轨道波包在短激光脉冲光电离中的密度矩阵描述 显示英文标题

标题： Density-matrix description of partially coherent spin-orbit wave packets produced in short-laser-pulse photodetachment

摘要： 我们研究在相干激发的$j=3/2,1/2$超精细结构流形中原子价壳层内的轨道对齐动力学，这些流形由短脉冲光电子剥离 F$^-$、Cl$^-$和 Br$^-$负离子产生。 使用 Keldysh 类理论，我们计算了由少周期脉冲产生的残留原子的密度矩阵，其元素决定了电子态之间的布居和相干性。 我们的计算表明，原子相干性的程度可以用脉冲持续时间$\tilde{\tau}_p$与原子系统振荡周期$\tau_{j'j}$的比值的近似通用函数来表示，这使得可以表征原子态中产生的相干性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We investigate orbital alignment dynamics within the valence shell of atoms in coherently excited $j=3/2,1/2$ fine-structure manifolds generated by short-pulse photodetachment of F$^-$, Cl$^-$ and Br$^-$ anions. Using Keldysh-type theory, we calculate the density matrix of the residual atoms generated by few-cycle pulses, whose elements determine the populations and coherence among the electronic states. Our calculations demonstrate that the degree of atomic coherence can be represented by a near universal function of the ratio between the pulse duration $\tilde{\tau}_p$ and the beat period $\tau_{j'j}$ of the atomic system, which allows one to characterize the coherence generated in atomic states.