标题： 持久性与非持久性作为相同量子粒子的互补模型 显示英文标题

标题： Persistence and Nonpersistence as Complementary Models of Identical Quantum Particles

摘要： 根据我们对日常物理世界的理解，可观测现象是由可以被重新识别（或跟踪）的持久物体所支撑的，通过观察它们的独特性质可以在时间上进行识别。 这种理解体现在经典力学中，经典力学认为物质由持久且可重新识别的粒子组成。 然而，在量子形式主义中描述相同粒子所使用的数学对称化程序导致了普遍的信念，即相同的量子粒子缺乏持久性或可重新识别性。 然而，很难将这些断言与在特定情况下相同粒子通常被假设为可重新识别的事实相协调。 此外，这些断言中的任何一个都无法解释在量子框架中描述相同粒子的对称化程序的数学形式，从而留下了除玻色子和费米子行为之外的理论可能性，例如拟粒子，这些在自然界中似乎并未实现。 在这里，我们提出了一个新观点，即为了完全解释相同粒子的行为，必须同时采用持久性和非持久性模型。 因此，相同粒子既不是持久的也不是非持久的。 我们通过展示费曼和狄拉克的对称化程序如何通过这些模型的量子处理的综合而出现，并通过展示可重新识别性如何以情境依赖的方式出现，来证明这一观点的可行性。 我们进一步表明，持久性和非持久性模型满足玻尔互补性概念的关键特征，并据此提出，相同粒子的行为是持久性-非持久性互补性的体现，类似于玻尔对单个粒子的波粒互补性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： According to our understanding of the everyday physical world, observable phenomena are underpinned by persistent objects that can be reidentified (or tracked) across time by observation of their distinctive properties. This understanding is reflected in classical mechanics, which posits that matter consists of persistent, reidentifiable particles. However, the mathematical symmetrization procedures used to describe identical particles within the quantum formalism have led to the widespread belief that identical quantum particles lack either persistence or reidentifiability. However, it has proved difficult to reconcile these assertions with the fact that identical particles are routinely assumed to be reidentifiable in particular circumstances. Moreover, neither of these assertions accounts for the mathematical form of the symmetrization procedures used to describe identical particles within the quantum framework, leaving open theoretical possibilities other than bosonic and fermionic behavior, such as paraparticles, which do not appear to be realized in nature. Here we propose the novel idea that both persistence and nonpersistence models must be employed in order to fully account for the behaviour of identical particles. Thus, identical particles are neither persistent nor nonpersistent. We prove the viability of this viewpoint by showing how Feynman's and Dirac's symmetrization procedures arise through a synthesis of a quantum treatment of these models, and by showing how reidentifiability emerges in a context-dependent manner. We further show that the persistence and nonpersistence models satisfy the key characteristics of Bohr's concept of complementarity, and thereby propose that the behavior of identical particles is a manifestation of a persistence-nonpersistence complementarity, analogous to Bohr's wave-particle complementarity for individual particles.