标题： 分裂盒子中的量子粒子：基态激发 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum particle in a split box: Excitations to the ground state

摘要： 我们讨论了将单粒子箱（SPB）的波函数分裂为两等份的两种不同方法。在SPB中心插入势垒以形成两个各自有1/2概率找到粒子的隔间，这是Szilard引擎的关键步骤之一。然而，在非中心插入势垒时，由于隔间体积的不对称性，在绝热极限下会导致粒子完全局域化在较大隔间中。我们表明，与其通过对称势垒精确地将本征函数分裂一半，不如使用非绝热插入的非对称势垒来激发整个箱子的第一激发态。当势垒高度趋于无穷大时，整个箱子的激发态变为新箱子之一的基态。因此，我们可以使用更现实的非绝热且非完全居中的势垒，而不是通常假设的理想化绝热和中心势垒，来实现接近精确的两隔间概率分裂。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We discuss two different approaches for splitting the wavefunction of a single-particle-box (SPB) into two equal parts. Adiabatic insertion of a barrier in the center of a SPB in order to make two compartments which each have probability 1/2 to find the particle in it is one of the key steps for a Szilard engine. However, any asymmetry between the volume of the compartments due to an off-center insertion of the barrier results in a particle that is fully localized in the larger compartment, in the adiabatic limit. We show that rather than exactly splitting the eigenfunctions in half by a symmetric barrier, one can use a non-adiabatic insertion of an asymmetric barrier to induce excitations to the first excited state of the full box. As the barrier height goes to infinity the excited state of the full box becomes the ground state of one of the new boxes. Thus, we can achieve close to exact splitting of the probability between the two compartments using the more realistic non-adiabatic, not perfectly centered barrier, rather than the idealized adiabatic and central barrier normally assumed.