标题： 不同大的太阳活动区对空间天气和空间气候的不同贡献 显示英文标题

标题： Different contributions to space weather and space climate from different big solar active regions

摘要： 本文的目的是展示具有不同磁配置的大活动区（AR）对太阳短期和长期变化有不同的贡献。 作为案例研究，复杂类型的$\delta$AR 12673 和简单类型的$\beta$AR 12674 被详细研究。 由于周期最小值时的轴向偶极矩决定了后续周期的振幅和空间气候，我们将这两个 AR 的个体观测磁配置同化到表面通量传输模型中，以比较它们对轴向偶极矩$D$的贡献。 我们发现，AR 12673 在周期末期对$D$有显著影响，由于异常和复杂的磁极性使其变弱。 初始强烈的正$D$最终变为强烈的负值。 缺乏耀斑的 AR 12674 对长期轴向偶极矩的贡献大于多耀斑的 AR 12673。 然后，我们对 1976 年至 2017 年间大于 800$\mu$恒星单位的 AR 进行了统计分析。 我们使用耀斑指数 FI，并定义一个轴向偶极矩指数 DI 来分别量化每个 AR 对空间天气和空间气候的影响。 尽管 FI 与磁配置有很强的依赖关系，DI 却没有这种依赖关系。 DI 主要由 AR 的纬度位置以及正负磁通量的纬度分离决定。 简单 AR 与复杂 AR 一样有可能产生影响空间气候的大 DI 值。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The purpose of this paper is to show that large active regions (ARs) with different magnetic configurations have different contributions to short-term and long-term variations of the Sun. As a case study, the complex $\delta$-type AR 12673 and the simple $\beta$-type AR 12674 are investigated in detail. Since the axial dipole moment at cycle minimum determines the amplitude of the subsequent cycle and space climate, we have assimilated the individual observed magnetic configurations of these two ARs into a surface flux transport model to compare their contributions to the axial dipole moment $D$. We find that AR 12673 has a significant effect on $D$ at the end of the cycle, making it weaker because of the abnormal and complicated magnetic polarities. An initial strongly positive $D$ ends up with a strongly negative value. The flare-poor AR 12674 has a greater contribution to the long-term axial dipole moment than the flare-rich AR 12673. We then carry out a statistical analysis of ARs larger than 800 $\mu$Hem from 1976 to 2017. We use the flare index FI and define an axial dipole moment index DI to quantify the effects of each AR on space weather and space climate, respectively. Whereas the FI has a strong dependence on the magnetic configuration, the DI shows no such dependence. The DI is mainly determined by the latitudinal location and the latitudinal separation of the positive and negative magnetic fluxes of the ARs. Simple ARs have the same possibility as complex ARs to produce big DI values affecting space climate.