标题： 接近超大质量黑洞时质子的离心加速度 显示英文标题

标题： Centrifugal acceleration of protons in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole

摘要： 质子在活动星系核中的加速被认为是。最大的能量是由质子在中央引擎磁层中的离心加速获得的。 当黑洞磁层中加速的质子接近光筒表面时，加速主要发生在方位角方向，即加速是离心的。 本文考虑了具有比电子更小同步辐射损失的质子的加速。 由于质子在接近光表面时能量增加最大，在那里可以得到最大洛伦兹因子的部分解。 在分析中，得到的最大能量与粒子磁化参数 $ \kappa $ 和反映环向 $ B_\phi $ 和轴向 $ B_T $ 磁场关系的参数 $ \alpha $ 的依赖性表明，由于环向和轴向磁场拓扑结构的限制，对于黑洞磁层中加速的粒子来说，不可能达到理论上的最大洛伦兹因子值 $ \gamma_m=\kappa^{-1}$。 特殊情况下环向和轴向磁场关系的分析表明，在显著更多的环向磁场存在的情况下，最大洛伦兹因子值可达到 $\gamma_m = \kappa^ {-2/3} $。而在环向磁场相对于轴向磁场变小时，最大洛伦兹因子值不超过 $\gamma_m = \kappa^ {-1/2} $。 对于多个天体对象，如M87和Sgr.A*，已经得出了在存在或不存在环向磁场的情况下加速质子的最大洛伦兹因子值。 对于Sgr.A*磁层得到的结果已被切伦科夫望远镜HESS实验数据所证实。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Acceleration of protons in the active galactic nuclei is considered. The largest energy is achieved by protons during centrifugal acceleration in the magnetosphere of the central machine. When the proton accelerated in the magnetosphere of a black hole approaches light cylinder surface, acceleration occurs mainly in the azimuthal direction, i.e. the acceleration is centrifugal. In this paper the acceleration of a proton having smaller synchrotron losses compared to the electron is considered. As a proton experiences the highest energy increase while accelerating near the light surface, a partial solution for the maximum Lorentz factor can be obtained there. In the analysis the obtained dependence of the maximum energy on the parameter of particle magnetization $ \kappa $ and parameter $ \alpha $ which reflects the relation of toroidal $ B_\phi $ and poloidal $ B_T $ magnetic fields , has led to the conclusion that the achievement of theoretical maximum limit of Lorentz factor value $ \gamma_m=\kappa^{-1}$ is not possible for an accelerated particle in the magnetosphere of a black hole due to restrictions of the topology of toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields imposed. The analysis of special cases of the relation of toroidal and poloidal magnetic field has shown that in the presence of magnetic field that is significantly more toroidal the maximum Lorentz factor value reaches $\gamma_m = \kappa^ {-2/3} $, in case when toroidal field becomes smaller in comparison to poloidal field the maximum Lorentz factor value does not exceed $\gamma_m = \kappa^ {-1/2} $. For a number of objects, such as M87 and Sgr. A *, maximum Lorentz factor values for accelerated protons for scenarios of existence or lack of toroidal magnetic field have been derived. The obtained results for magnetosphere of Sgr. A * has confirmed by the experimental data obtained on the massive HESS of Cherenkov telescopes.