标题： 尘埃天文学的黎明 显示英文标题

标题： The Dawn of Dust Astronomy

摘要： 我们回顾了尘埃科学的发展，从最早的地面天文观测到空间中的尘埃，直到对单个尘埃颗粒及其来源天体的成分分析。用于空间尘埃科学研究的各种观测技术包括：从收集在高层大气中的流星和行星际尘埃颗粒，到对空间中或返回地球的尘埃进行分析。就地尘埃探测器已经从简单的尘埃撞击探测器发展到能够确定地球轨道上尘埃危害的设备，再到能够提供单个空间尘埃颗粒的成分分析和精确轨迹测定的尘埃望远镜。 “尘埃天文学”的概念得到了发展，认识到尘埃粒子像光子一样，携带着来自遥远时空的信息。通过了解尘埃颗粒的诞生地及其整体特性，我们可以得知这些颗粒形成的遥远环境。卡西尼、星尘和罗塞塔等尘埃天文台任务分别研究了土星的卫星和环以及彗星维尔德2和楚留莫夫-格拉希门克的尘埃环境。通过实验室中尘埃过程的模拟，我们开始理解空间中的尘埃环境。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We review the development of dust science from the first ground-based astronomical observations of dust in space to compositional analysis of individual dust particles and their source objects. A multitude of observational techniques is available for the scientific study of space dust: from meteors and interplanetary dust particles collected in the upper atmosphere to dust analyzed in situ or returned to Earth. In situ dust detectors have been developed from simple dust impact detectors determining the dust hazard in Earth orbit to dust telescopes capable of providing compositional analysis and accurate trajectory determination of individual dust particles in space. The concept of Dust Astronomy has been developed, recognizing that dust particles, like photons, carry information from remote sites in space and time. From knowledge of the dust particles' birthplace and their bulk properties, we learn about the remote environment out of which the particles were formed. Dust Observatory missions like Cassini, Stardust, and Rosetta study Saturn's satellites and rings and the dust environments of comet Wild 2 and comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko, respectively. Supplemented by simulations of dusty processes in the laboratory we are beginning to understand the dusty environments in space.