标题： 大型智能表面的实时实现方面 显示英文标题

标题： Real-Time Implementation Aspects of Large Intelligent Surfaces

摘要： 凭借提供与大规模多输入多输出技术彻底分离的潜力，大型智能表面（LISs）最近引起了研究兴趣的激增。 文献中提出了各种方案来定义LISs的具体功能，从完全主动到 largely 被动的解决方案不等。 然而，几乎所有文献中的研究都探讨了这些架构的基本频谱效率性能。 截然不同的是，本文研究了LISs的实现方面。 以完全主动的LIS为基础，我们首先从射频电路和实时处理的角度，对可能的实现架构的相对优缺点进行严谨的讨论。 然后我们表明，基于一个接口较少天线的公共模块的分布式架构是可以扩展的。 为了避免模拟信号分配带来的严重损耗，多个公共模块可以通过数字最近邻网络相互连接。 此外，我们表明，通过这种设计，最大背板吞吐量随着所服务的用户终端数量增长，而不是随着表面上天线的数量增长。 本文的讨论可以作为LISs实时设计和开发的指导方针。 显示英文摘要

摘要： With the potential to provide a clean break from massive multiple-input multiple-output, large intelligent surfaces (LISs) have recently received a thrust of research interest. Various proposals have been made in the literature to define the exact functionality of LISs, ranging from fully active to largely passive solutions. Nevertheless, almost all studies in the literature investigate the fundamental spectral efficiency performance of these architectures. In stark contrast, this paper investigates the implementation aspects of LISs. Using the fully active LIS as the basis of our exposition, we first present a rigorous discussion on the relative merits and disadvantages of possible implementation architectures from a radio-frequency circuits and real-time processing viewpoints. We then show that a distributed architecture based on a common module interfacing a smaller number of antennas can be scalable. To avoid severe losses with analog signal distribution, multiple common modules can be interconnected via a digital nearest-neighbor network. Furthermore, we show that with such a design, the maximum backplane throughput scales with the number of served user terminals, instead of the number of antennas across the surface. The discussions in the paper can serve as a guideline toward the real-time design and development of LISs.