标题： 用于天文学镜子的3D打印 显示英文标题

标题： 3D printing for astronomical mirrors

摘要： 3D打印，也称为增材制造，为光学制造提供了一种新的视角，实现了可达到的光学质量和重量及成本的减少。 在本文中，我们描述了两种使用该技术进行制造过程的方法。 第一种方法利用3D打印在应力抛光用变形夹具的制造中，我们将其应用于WFIRST日冕仪非轴抛物面的制造。 第二种方法考虑了轻型X射线镜3D打印的概念验证，旨在下一代X射线望远镜。 应力抛光非常适合制造日冕仪用于成像系外行星所需的高质量非轴抛物面。 在这里，我们描述了一种新型的变形夹具设计，可以仅用一个执行器产生散光和彗差。 其想法是将3D打印纳入变形夹具的制造中。 本文描述的方法表明，我们在镜片表面达到了所需的精密。 此外，由3D打印制造的变形夹具引入的误差不会影响最终的误差预算。 关于概念验证项目，我们研究了3D打印用于轻型X射线镜。 我们展示了通过立体光刻（SLA）和选择性激光烧结（SLS）使用不同材料制造的测试样品的表面计量数据。 样品的轻量化由一系列拱形组成。 通过将3D打印与有限元分析拓扑优化相结合，我们可以模拟给定输入参数和外部边界条件的特定最优形状。 下一组原型的设计考虑了拓扑优化的计算结果。 显示英文摘要

摘要： 3D printing, also called additive manufacturing, offers a new vision for optical fabrication in term of achievable optical quality and reduction of weight and cost. In this paper we describe two different ways to use this technique in the fabrication process. The first method makes use of 3D printing in the fabrication of warping harnesses for stress polishing, and we apply that to the fabrication of the WFIRST coronagraph off axis parabolas. The second method considers a proof of concept for 3D printing of lightweight X-Ray mirrors, targeting the next generation of X-rays telescopes. Stress polishing is well suited for the fabrication of the high quality off axis parabolas required by the coronagraph to image exoplanets.. Here we describe a new design of warping harness which can generate astigmatism and coma with only one actuator. The idea is to incorporate 3D printing in the manufacturing of the warping harness. The method depicted in this paper demonstrates that we reach the tight precision required at the mirrors surface. Moreover the error introduced by the warping harness fabricated by 3D printing does not impact the final error budget. Concerning the proof of concept project, we investigate 3D printing towards lightweight X-ray mirrors. We present the surface metrology of test samples fabricated by stereo lithography (SLA) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) with different materials. The lightweighting of the samples is composed of a series of arches. By complementing 3D printing with finite element analysis topology optimization we can simulate a specific optimum shape for the given input parameters and external boundary conditions. The next set of prototypes is designed taking to account the calculation of topology optimisation.