标题： 从实验室实验中远程确定木星漩涡的形状 显示英文标题

标题： Remote determination of the shape of Jupiter's vortices from laboratory experiments

摘要： 木星的动力学塑造了其云层图案，但在这一自然观测屏障之下仍 largely 不为人知。 解开潜在的三维流动是美国宇航局自2011年发射以来持续进行的朱诺任务的主要目标。 在此，我们利用实验室实验结合理论和数值分析来研究大型木星漩涡的动力学。 我们确定了导致其三维薄饼状形状的通用力平衡。 由此，我们定义了其水平和垂直纵横比与周围旋转、分层和纬向风速之间的尺度定律。 特别是对于大红斑，我们的预测水平尺寸与自1979年旅行者任务以来的云层测量结果相符。 我们还预测了大红斑的厚度，这无法直接观测：尽管观察到其水平尺寸缩小，但其厚度却出人意料地保持不变。 现在，我们的结果等待与即将进行的朱诺观测进行比较。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Jupiter's dynamics shapes its cloud patterns but remains largely unknown below this natural observational barrier. Unraveling the underlying three-dimensional flows is thus a primary goal for NASA's ongoing Juno mission that was launched in 2011. Here, we address the dynamics of large Jovian vortices using laboratory experiments complemented by theoretical and numerical analyses. We determine the generic force balance responsible for their three-dimensional pancake-like shape. From this, we define scaling laws for their horizontal and vertical aspect ratios as a function of the ambient rotation, stratification and zonal wind velocity. For the Great Red Spot in particular, our predicted horizontal dimensions agree well with measurements at the cloud level since the Voyager mission in 1979. We additionally predict the Great Red Spot's thickness, inaccessible to direct observation: it has surprisingly remained constant despite the observed horizontal shrinking. Our results now await comparison with upcoming Juno observations.