标题： LISA 暗黑物质双黑洞合并的透镜选择效应特征 显示英文标题

标题： Characterisation of lensing selection effects for LISA massive black hole binary mergers

摘要： 我们提出了一种方法，用于在研究引力波（GW）源的透镜效应时，包括由于给定探测器有限视界引起的透镜选择效应。当纳入这些选择效应时，对于足够高红移的源，放大率分布的平均值从1转移到更高的值。这除了距离确定的典型不确定性来源外，还会在光度距离重建上引入一个不可减少（乘法）偏差。我们将这种方法应用于研究由LISA探测到的高红移大质量黑洞双星合并产生的引力波的透镜效应。我们估计了作为宇宙学红移函数的选择效应对光度距离重建所引起的预期偏差，并讨论了这对LISA的宇宙学和天体物理学分析的影响。我们还重建了作为观测光度距离函数的透镜放大率分布，这是在没有电磁对应体的情况下可观测量。透镜效应是高红移引力波源距离测量误差的主要来源。对其进行全面表征，包括选择效应的影响，对于正确确定底层源群体的天体物理性质以及能够将引力波源作为新的宇宙学探针至关重要。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present a method to include lensing selection effects due to the finite horizon of a given detector when studying lensing of gravitational wave (GW) sources. When selection effects are included, the mean of the magnification distribution is shifted from one to higher values for sufficiently high-redshift sources. This introduces an irreducible (multiplicative) bias on the luminosity distance reconstruction, in addition to the typical source of uncertainty in the distance determination. We apply this method to study lensing of GWs emitted by massive black hole binary mergers at high redshift detectable by LISA. We estimate the expected bias induced by selection effects on the luminosity distance reconstruction as function of cosmological redshift, and discuss its implications for cosmological and astrophysical analyses with LISA. We also reconstruct the distribution of lensing magnification as a function of the observed luminosity distance to a source, that is the observable quantity in the absence of an electromagnetic counterpart. Lensing provides the dominant source of errors in distance measurements of high-redshift GW sources. Its full characterisation, including the impact of selection effects, is of paramount importance to correctly determine the astrophysical properties of the underlying source population and to be able to use gravitational wave sources as a new cosmological probe.