标题： 智能电网中的分层潮流控制：利用需求侧灵活性增强转子角度和频率稳定性 显示英文标题

标题： Hierarchical Power Flow Control in Smart Grids: Enhancing Rotor Angle and Frequency Stability with Demand-Side Flexibility

摘要： 大规模整合可再生能源给电力系统带来了新的挑战，特别是在波动和不确定的功率流状态下保持同步和频率稳定。 为了确保运行安全，系统必须在转子角度和系统频率动态的时间尺度上保持足够的扰动抑制能力。 这要求在发电侧和需求侧都具备灵活性，以补偿波动并在两个不同的时间尺度上确保稳定性。 本文提出了一种分层的功率流控制架构，该架构涉及输电网络、配电网络以及单个建筑，以增强输电网络的小信号转子角度稳定性和频率稳定性。 所提出的架构包括一个输电层级优化器，用于增强系统阻尼比；一个配电层级控制器，用于遵循输电指令并提供频率支持；以及一个建筑层级调度器，考虑服务质量并遵循配电层级的目标。 我们通过实时硬件在环测试验证了整个控制架构的可行性和性能，测试中使用了实际的输电和配电网络模型以及石边农场微电网中的实际设备。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Large-scale integration of renewables in power systems gives rise to new challenges for keeping synchronization and frequency stability in volatile and uncertain power flow states. To ensure the safety of operation, the system must maintain adequate disturbance rejection capability at the time scales of both rotor angle and system frequency dynamics. This calls for flexibility to be exploited on both the generation and demand sides, compensating volatility and ensuring stability at the two separate time scales. This article proposes a hierarchical power flow control architecture that involves both transmission and distribution networks as well as individual buildings to enhance both small-signal rotor angle stability and frequency stability of the transmission network. The proposed architecture consists of a transmission-level optimizer enhancing system damping ratios, a distribution-level controller following transmission commands and providing frequency support, and a building-level scheduler accounting for quality of service and following the distribution-level targets. We validate the feasibility and performance of the whole control architecture through real-time hardware-in-loop tests involving real-world transmission and distribution network models along with real devices at the Stone Edge Farm Microgrid.