标题： 利用引力辐射的高阶模态对致密双星合并的光度距离和轨道倾角进行改进的早期预警估计 显示英文标题

标题： Improved early-warning estimates of luminosity distance and orbital inclination of compact binary mergers using higher modes of gravitational radiation

摘要： 在合并前（预警）探测和定位紧凑双星合并的引力波（GW）信号，将使天文学家能够在合并发生时捕捉潜在的电磁（EM）辐射，从而揭示合并的复杂物理过程。 尽管早期探测和天空定位对于多信使后续观测至关重要，但对光度距离和轨道倾角的改进估计也能提供关于EM辐射可观测性的见解。 在本工作中，我们证明了包含比主导模式振动频率更高的轨道频率倍数的高阶引力辐射模式，可以显著提高双星系统的光度距离和轨道倾角的预警估计。 这将帮助天文学家更好地确定他们的后续观测策略。 专注于地面引力波探测器网络未来的观测运行 [LIGOVirgo-KAGRA 的 O5 运行、Voyager 以及第三代（3G）探测器]，我们表明，在可能具有EM明亮特性的中子星-黑洞双星质量范围内，包含高阶模式会使光度距离估计提高约 1 - 1.5（1.1 - 2）[1.1 - 5] 倍，在 O5（Voyager）[3G]观测情景中，对于位于 100 Mpc 的源，在合并前 45（45）[300] 秒时，效果显著。 轨道倾角估计也得到了显著改善。 我们还研究了这些改进在不同天空位置和偏振角下的表现。 将光度距离不确定性与定位天空区域估计结合起来，我们发现，在 O5（Voyager）[3G]的早期预警时间 45（45）[300] 秒时，包含高阶模式后，定位体积内的星系数量减少了约 1 - 2.5（1.2 - 4）[1.2 - 10] 倍。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The pre-merger (early-warning) gravitational-wave (GW) detection and localization of a compact binary merger would enable astronomers to capture potential electromagnetic (EM) emissions around the time of the merger, thus shedding light on the complex physics of the merger. While early detection and sky localization are of primary importance to the multimessenger follow-up of the event, improved estimates of luminosity distance and orbital inclination could also provide insights on the observability of the EM emission. In this work, we demonstrate that the inclusion of higher modes of gravitational radiation, which vibrate at higher multiples of the orbital frequency than the dominant mode, would significantly improve the earlywarning estimates of the luminosity distance and orbital inclination of the binary. This will help astronomers to better determine their follow-up strategy. Focusing on future observing runs of the ground-based GW detector network [O5 run of LIGOVirgo-KAGRA, Voyager, and third-generation (3G) detectors], we show that for a range of masses spanning the neutron-star black-hole binaries that are potentially EM-bright, the inclusion of higher modes improve the luminosity distance estimates by a factor of ~ 1 - 1.5 (1.1 - 2) [1.1 - 5] for the O5 (Voyager) [3G] observing scenario, 45 (45) [300] seconds before the merger for the sources located at 100 Mpc. There are significant improvements in orbital inclination estimates as well. We also investigate these improvements with varying sky-location and polarization angle. Combining the luminosity distance uncertainties with localization skyarea estimates, we find that the number of galaxies within localization volume is reduced by a factor of ~ 1 - 2.5 (1.2 - 4) [1.2 - 10] with the inclusion of higher modes at early-warning time of 45 (45) [300] seconds in O5 (Voyager) [3G].