标题： 旅游就业效应的初步研究。 元分析 显示英文标题

标题： Preliminary Results on the Employment Effect of Tourism. A meta-analysis

摘要： 失业是每个国家最重要的问题之一。 旅游业是一个动态的部门，它能够增加劳动力，并创造就业机会，增加消费支出。 在本研究的分析中，介绍了关于这一问题的实证文献，表明旅游业可以在增加就业方面发挥关键且有益的作用。 本文使用元分析技术来研究旅游业对就业的影响，并发现大多数研究显示了积极的关系。 使用部分相关性分析的36项研究的平均效应为0.129。 这一效应类似于回归结果，约为0.9，这是积极且统计显著的，明显表明旅游业在创造就业和提供就业机会方面是有效的。 此外，发现了文献中存在有利于产生积极估计的研究的选择偏差，一旦纠正这种偏差，真实效应为0.85-0.97。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Unemployment is one of the most important issues in every country. Tourism industry is a dynamic sector which is labor augmented and can create jobs, increase consumption expenditures and offer employment opportunities. In the analysis of this work, the empirical literature on this issue is presented, which indicates that tourism can play a vital and beneficial role to increase employment. This paper uses meta-analysis techniques to investigate the effect of tourism on employment, and finds that the vast majority of the studies reveal a positive relationship. The mean effect of the 36 studies of the meta-sample, using Partial Correlations, is 0.129. This effect is similar to the regression results which is around 0.9, which is positive and statistically significant, clearly indicating that tourism is effective in the creation of jobs and offers employment opportunities. Moreover, evidence of selection bias in the literature in favor of studies which produce positive estimates is found, and once this bias is corrected the true effect is 0.85-0.97.