标题： 利用太阳引力透镜的光谱分辨成像 显示英文标题

标题： Spectrally resolved imaging with the solar gravitational lens

摘要： 我们研究了太阳引力透镜（SGL）的光学性质，将太阳视为一个大质量致密天体。利用我们之前开发的关于SGL的波动光学处理方法，我们将其与一个表示光学望远镜的薄透镜卷积，并估计望远镜焦平面图像传感器上各像素位置的功率谱密度和相关的光子流量。我们还考虑了太阳日冕，它是使用SGL成像微弱物体时的主要噪声源。我们评估了单个像素的信噪比作为波长的函数。为了阻挡太阳光，我们将传统内部冠状仪与Lyot光阑和外部遮星板进行对比。外部遮星板不受观测望远镜衍射极限的限制，使得使用小型望远镜（例如，$\sim 40$~cm）在从可见光到中红外（IR）的广泛波段内进行空间和光谱分辨成像成为可能，并且不会出现内部设备特有的显著光学通量损失。中红外观测特别有趣，因为行星在这些波长下自身发光，产生强信号，而来自太阳日冕的噪声则显著减少。这一波段包含了众多对天体生物学和生物特征检测感兴趣的特性。我们开发了一些工具，可以用来估算仪器需求并设计最佳观测策略，以利用SGL进行高分辨率、光谱分辨成像，最终提高我们确认并研究遥远世界生命存在的能力。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We consider the optical properties of the solar gravitational lens (SGL) treating the Sun as a massive compact body. Using our previously developed wave-optical treatment of the SGL, we convolve it with a thin-lens representing an optical telescope, and estimate the power spectral density and associated photon flux at individual pixel locations on the image sensor at the focal plane of the telescope. We also consider the solar corona, which is the dominant noise source when imaging faint objects with the SGL. We evaluate the signal-to-noise ratio at individual pixels as a function of wavelength. To block out the solar light, we contrast the use of a conventional internal coronagraph with a Lyot-stop to an external occulter (i.e., starshade). An external occulter, not being a subject to the diffraction limit of the observing telescope, makes it possible to use small telescopes (e.g., $\sim 40$~cm) for spatially and spectrally resolved imaging with the SGL in a broad range of wavelengths from optical to mid-infrared (IR) and without the substantial loss of optical throughput that is characteristic to internal devices. Mid-IR observations are especially interesting as planets are self-luminous at these wavelengths, producing a strong signal, while there is significantly less noise from the solar corona. This part of the spectrum contains numerous features of interest for exobiology and biosignature detection. We develop tools that may be used to estimate instrument requirements and devise optimal observing strategies to use the SGL for high-resolution, spectrally resolved imaging, ultimately improving our ability to confirm and study the presence of life on a distant world.