标题： 分子遗传学与中年期的经济流动性 显示英文标题

标题： Molecular genetics and mid-career economic mobility

摘要： 遗传测序成本的降低使得构建包含遗传和表型数据的大型数据集成为可能。 基于这些数据集，已经构建了总结个体教育成就遗传倾向的多基因评分（PGS）。 现在已经明确，这种PGS可以预测工资、收入、职业声望和代际职业流动性。 尚不清楚的是，教育成就的PGS是否可以在个人收入高峰期预测收入和职业向上流动。 使用威斯康星州纵向研究（WLS）的数据，我展示了以下内容：(i) 教育成就的PGS在控制1974年这些变量的值和一系列协变量的情况下，预测了从1974年（受访者大约36岁）到1992年（受访者大约53岁）期间的工资、收入和职业声望的流动性；(ii) 这种影响不受父母社会经济地位的中介，主要由仅接受过高中教育的受访者驱动，并在同兄弟姐妹对设计中被复制；(iii) 在控制1974年结果的情况下，1975年调查的高PGS个体期望在未来10年内获得更高的收入和更受人尊敬的工作，这一效应主要由接受过高中以上教育的受访者驱动；(iv) 在整个职业生涯中，高PGS个体更有可能参加在职培训，并且在为同一雇主工作期间更有可能改变工作职责；(v) 尽管在职业生涯中更换雇主或行业的可能性并不更高，但高PGS个体在1974年更有可能从事随后几十年将经历高工资增长的行业。 这些结果有助于我们理解纵向不平等，并揭示了对经济冲击和政策反应异质性的来源。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Reductions in the cost of genetic sequencing have enabled the construction of large datasets including both genetic and phenotypic data. Based on these datasets, polygenic scores (PGSs) summarizing an individual's genetic propensity for educational attainment have been constructed. It is by now well established that this PGS predicts wages, income, and occupational prestige and occupational mobility across generations. It is unknown whether a PGS for educational attainment can predict upward income and occupational mobility even within the peak earning years of an individual. Using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), I show that: (i) a PGS for educational attainment predicts wage, income and occupational prestige mobility between 1974 (when respondents were about 36 years of age) and 1992 (when respondents were about 53 years of age), conditional on 1974 values of these variables and a range of covariates; (ii) the effect is not mediated by parental socioeconomic status, is driven primarily by respondents with only a high school education, and is replicated in a within sibling-pair design; (iii) conditional on 1974 outcomes, higher PGS individuals surveyed in 1975 aspired to higher incomes and more prestigious jobs 10 years hence, an effect driven primarily by respondents with more than a high school education; (iv) throughout their employment history, high PGS individuals were more likely to undertake on the job training, and more likely to change job duties during tenure with an employer; and (v) though no more likely to change employers or industries during their careers, high PGS individuals were more likely in 1974 to be working in industries which would experience high wage growth in subsequent decades. These results contribute to our understanding of longitudinal inequality and shed light on the sources of heterogeneity in responses to economic shocks and policy.