标题： 多模态对旋转黑洞周围自相互作用轴子凝聚体演化的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Impact of multiple modes on the evolution of self-interacting axion condensate around rotating black holes

摘要： 超轻粒子，如轴子，在高度旋转的黑洞周围通过超辐射不稳定性形成宏观凝聚体。 由于其宏观性质，凝聚体为通过引力波观测检测轴子提供了可能性。 然而，为了实际检测，必须了解凝聚体的精确演化过程。 为了未来的观测，我们数值研究了自相互作用，特别是不同模式之间的相互作用对凝聚体演化的影响。 首先，我们关注凝聚体从最小可能的角量子数开始的情况。 对于这种情况，我们进行了非线性计算，并表明由模式相互作用引起的耗散足够强，足以使超辐射不稳定性饱和，即使次级云从量子涨落开始。 我们的结果表明，在这种情况下不会发生爆炸现象，如玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体坍缩。 我们还表明，凝聚体主要由两个模式组成的准稳态，其中一个模式具有使超辐射不稳定性发生的最小角量子数，另一个模式具有相邻的更高角量子数。 我们还研究了凝聚体以较高角量子数为主导的情况。 我们表明，对于小的引力耦合，由模式耦合引起的耗散过程不会发生。 因此，在这种情况下可能会发生玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体坍缩。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Ultra-light particles, such as axions, form a macroscopic condensate around a highly spinning black hole by the superradiant instability. Due to its macroscopic nature, the condensate opens the possibility of detecting the axion through gravitational wave observations. However, the precise evolution of the condensate must be known for the actual detection. For future observation, we numerically study the influence of the self-interaction, especially interaction between different modes, on the evolution of the condensate in detail. First, we focus on the case when condensate starts with the smallest possible angular quantum number. For this case, we perform the non-linear calculation and show that the dissipation induced by the mode interaction is strong enough to saturate the superradiant instability, even if the secondary cloud starts with quantum fluctuations. Our result indicates that explosive phenomena such as bosenova do not occur in this case. We also show that the condensate settles to a quasi-stationary state mainly composed of two modes, one with the smallest angular quantum number for which the superradiant instability occurs and the other with the adjacent higher angular quantum number. We also study the case when the condensate starts with the dominance of the higher angular quantum number. We show that the dissipation process induced by the mode coupling does not occur for small gravitational coupling. Therefore, bosenova might occur in this case.