标题： 大爆炸可能是各向异性的。 Bianchi I模型的情况 显示英文标题

标题： The Big Bang could be anisotropic. The case of Bianchi I model

摘要： 我们考虑各向异性宇宙模型的演化，以 Bianchi 类型 I 均匀宇宙为例。 它由物质和暗能量的混合组成，具有任意的巴罗特状态方程（EoS）。 找到了这种情况的一般解并进行了分析。 给出了该模型可能未来奇点的完整列表。 对于特定的状态方程，获得了一些新解，例如。 对于 Bianchi 类型 I{\Lambda }CDM 均匀模型。 表明，只要现在或在另一个时间点宇宙正在膨胀，且混合物的密度为正，所有对应于不同 EoS 的特殊情况都具有共同特性。 然后，演化总是以一个发生在有限时间前的各向异性“大爆炸”开始。 之后，宇宙不断膨胀，并且在所有情况下，除了少数例外，会变得更加各向同性。 特别强烈的各向同性化与暴胀时期有关。 暴胀结束后，宇宙的膨胀变得几乎各向同性，这种情况无法通过天文观测与各向同性的情况区分开来。 这一事实使我们能够将各向异性宇宙模型视为描述观测到的宇宙的可能候选者，尽管其膨胀模式是各向同性的。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We consider an evolution of anisotropic cosmological model on the example of the Bianchi type I homogeneous universe. It is filled by the mixture of matter and dark energy with an arbitrary barotropic equation of state (EoS). The general solution for this case is found and analyzed. A complete list of possible future singularities for this model is given. Some new solution were obtained for a particular EoSs, e.g. for the Bianchi type I {\Lambda}CDM homogeneous model. It is shown that all special cases corresponding to different EoSs have common properties, provided that now or at another moment of time the Universe is expanding, and the density of the mixture is positive. Then the evolution always begins with an anisotropic "Big Bang" which happened a finite time ago. After that the universe is constantly expanding and, in all cases, with rare exceptions, becomes more isotropic. A particularly strong isotropization is associated with the epoch of inflation. After its completion, the expansion of the universe becomes almost isotropic, and this case cannot be distinguished from isotropic by astronomical observations. This fact allows us to consider an anisotropic cosmological model as a possible candidate for the description of the observed Universe despite the isotropic pattern of expansion.