标题： 补贴对六个欧洲国家谷物农场生产率的影响 显示英文标题

标题： The impact of CAP subsidies on the productivity of cereal farms in six European countries

摘要： 全要素生产率（TFP）是农业发展的一个关键决定因素，该部门获得大量公共支持。 这一问题如今变得尤为重要，因为乌克兰的冲突已对谷物市场产生影响。 本文研究了不同补贴对谷物农场生产力的影响，并考虑到农场根据TFP水平的不同而有所差异。 我们采用了一个三步估计策略：i）生产函数的估计，ii）TFP的评估，iii）CAP补贴与TFP之间关系的评估。 为了解决多重内生性问题，采用了系统GMM估计器。 调查涵盖了法国、德国、意大利、波兰、西班牙和英国的农场，使用了2008年至2018年的FADN样本。 除了之前的分析，我们比较了不同国家的结果，并研究了三个具有不同TFP水平的农场子集。 结果证实了CAP如何对农场TFP产生负面影响，但影响程度因补贴类型、六个国家以及这些国家内部不同生产率组的农场而异。 因此，政策改进仍有空间，以促进谷物农场的生产力。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Total factor productivity (TFP) is a key determinant of farm development, a sector that receives substantial public support. The issue has taken on great importance today, where the conflict in Ukraine has led to repercussions on the cereal markets. This paper investigates the effects of different subsidies on the productivity of cereal farms, accounting that farms differ according to the level of TFP. We relied on a three-step estimation strategy: i) estimation of production functions, ii) evaluation of TFP, and iii) assessment of the relationship between CAP subsidies and TFP. To overcome multiple endogeneity problems, the System-GMM estimator is adopted. The investigation embraces farms in France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom using the FADN samples from 2008 to 2018. Adding to previous analyses, we compare results from different countries and investigate three subsets of farms with varying levels of TFP. The outcomes confirm how CAP negatively impacts farm TFP, but the extent differs according to the type of subsidies, the six countries and, within these, among farms with different productivity groups. Therefore there is room for policy improvements in order to foster the productivity of cereal farms.