标题： 詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜任务：光学望远镜元件的设计、开发与性能 显示英文标题

标题： The James Webb Space Telescope Mission: Optical Telescope Element Design, Development, and Performance

摘要： 詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）是一台大型红外太空望远镜，它最近启动了科学计划，这将推动天体物理学和行星科学的重大突破。 值得注意的是，JWST 将提供宇宙中最早期发光物体的首次观测，并开启系外行星大气特征化的新时代。 这一变革性的科学研究由一台 6.6 米的望远镜实现，该望远镜通过五层遮阳板被动冷却。 主镜由 18 块可控、低面密度的六边形镜段组成，这些镜段在轨道上通过创新的基于图像的波前感应与控制算法相互对齐和相位调整。 这项革命性的望远镜耗时二十多年开发，团队广泛分布在工程学科中。 我们概述了望远镜的需求、架构、开发过程、卓越的在轨性能以及经验教训。 JWST 成功展示了分段孔径空间望远镜，并为建造更大规模的空间望远镜铺平了道路。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared space telescope that has recently started its science program which will enable breakthroughs in astrophysics and planetary science. Notably, JWST will provide the very first observations of the earliest luminous objects in the Universe and start a new era of exoplanet atmospheric characterization. This transformative science is enabled by a 6.6 m telescope that is passively cooled with a 5-layer sunshield. The primary mirror is comprised of 18 controllable, low areal density hexagonal segments, that were aligned and phased relative to each other in orbit using innovative image-based wavefront sensing and control algorithms. This revolutionary telescope took more than two decades to develop with a widely distributed team across engineering disciplines. We present an overview of the telescope requirements, architecture, development, superb on-orbit performance, and lessons learned. JWST successfully demonstrates a segmented aperture space telescope and establishes a path to building even larger space telescopes.