标题： 极光千米辐射--电子回旋加速器辐射模型 显示英文标题

标题： Auroral Kilometric Radiation -- the Electron Cyclotron Maser Paradigm

摘要： 极光千米辐射（AKR）是行星磁层强烈无线电发射的范例。由于接近电子回旋频率和/或其较低次谐波，其观测表明源等离子体处于非热状态。当等离子体进入能量激发状态时，会产生辐射，这会导致电子分布函数的变形。在某些条件下，这会导致“准相干”辐射。人们认为，这种辐射是由弱相对论性的电子回旋加速器不稳定性引起的。由于能量无线电辐射在大规模磁层现象中通常不具有{初级}重要性，因此对于大规模磁层物理而言，AKR 被视为一个边缘问题。在这里，这一观点受到质疑。AKR 主要在磁层扰动期间适用于极光区域{携带的仅仅是总亚暴能量的一小部分。然而，在上极光电离层物理学以及空间天气研究中，它具有诊断能力。}。作为一种基本的物理问题，即非热等离子体中的辐射产生{仍有问题未得到解决。 即使仅处理电子回旋激变现象，也留下了许多未解答的问题。 这些问题可以通过观测和理论，在空间中唯一连续可访问的地方——磁层中，得到有利的研究。 这里列出了最重要的几个，并附上了如何应对的提示。 其价值在于它在应用于其他磁化行星、太阳系外行星以及强磁化天体时应发挥的作用。}，它被视为诊断物质状态的一个重要工具，这些物质状态负责在超越热辐射、冲击辐射或同步辐射的射电频段产生辐射。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) is the paradigm of intense radio emission from planetary magnetospheres. Being close to the electron gyro frequency and/or its lower harmonics, its observation indicates the non-thermal state of the source plasma. Emission is produced when the plasma enters a state of energetic excitation which results in deformation of the electron distribution function. Under certain conditions this leads to "quasi-coherent" emission. It is believed that the weakly-relativistic electron-cyclotron-maser instability is responsible for this kind of radiation. Since energetically radio radiation normally is not of {primary} importance in the large-scale magnetospheric phenomena, AKR as such has, for the purposes of large-scale magnetospheric physics, become considered a marginal problem. Here this notion is questioned. AKR while applying to the auroral region mainly during magnetospherically disturbed times {carries just a fraction of the total substorm energy. It is, however, of diagnostic power in the physics of the upper auroral ionosphere and Space Weather research}. As a fundamental physical problem of generation of radiation in non-thermal plasmas {it remains not resolved yet. Many questions have been left open even when dealing only with the electron-cyclotron-maser. These can advantageously be studied in the magnetosphere proper both by observation and theory, the only continuously accessible place in space. The most important are listet here with hint on how they should be attacked. Its value is to be sought in the role it should play in application to the other magnetized planets, extra-solar planets, and to strongly magnetized astronomical objects} as an important {tool to diagnose the matter state responsible for radiation in the radio frequency range beyond thermal, shock or synchrotron radiation.