标题： PAseos 模拟了运行多颗航天器的环境 显示英文标题

标题： PAseos Simulates the Environment for Operating multiple Spacecraft

摘要： 下一代航天器有望实现各种涉及星上处理、机器学习和去中心化操作场景的新应用。 尽管其中许多已先前被提出并评估过，但真实任务场景的操作约束往往要么未被考虑，要么仅初步考虑。 在这里，我们介绍了一个名为PASEOS的开源Python模块，该模块能够模拟涉及一颗或多颗航天器的操作场景。 它考虑了多种物理现象，包括热效应、功率、带宽和通信约束以及辐射对航天器的影响。 PASEOS既可以作为高性能数值模拟运行，也可以直接在边缘硬件上以实时模式运行。 我们在三个场景中展示了这些能力：一个是在Unibap iX-10 100卫星处理器上的实时模拟，另一个是模拟整个星座在数小时内执行任务的仿真，还有一个是在分散式环境中训练机器学习模型。 虽然我们展示了地球轨道上的任务，但PASEOS概念上也设计为允许深空场景。 我们的结果显示，PASEOS可以高效地模拟所描述的场景，从而提供有关操作考虑的见解。 我们通过运行时间和开销来展示这一点，并通过研究星座的建模温度、电池状态和通信窗口来进一步验证。 通过在实际卫星处理器上运行PASEOS，我们展示了如何将其直接纳入未来任务的硬件演示中。 总体而言，我们提供了第一个解决方案，可以全面模拟航天器在地球轨道及更远空间遇到的物理约束。 PASEOS模块与详细的文档一起在线提供，以便研究人员能够快速将其整合到他们的研究中。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The next generation of spacecraft is anticipated to enable various new applications involving onboard processing, machine learning and decentralised operational scenarios. Even though many of these have been previously proposed and evaluated, the operational constraints of real mission scenarios are often either not considered or only rudimentary. Here, we present an open-source Python module called PASEOS that is capable of modelling operational scenarios involving one or multiple spacecraft. It considers several physical phenomena including thermal, power, bandwidth and communications constraints as well as the impact of radiation on spacecraft. PASEOS can be run both as a high-performance-oriented numerical simulation and/or in a real-time mode directly on edge hardware. We demonstrate these capabilities in three scenarios, one in real-time simulation on a Unibap iX-10 100 satellite processor, another in a simulation modelling an entire constellation performing tasks over several hours and one training a machine learning model in a decentralised setting. While we demonstrate tasks in Earth orbit, PASEOS is conceptually designed to allow deep space scenarios too. Our results show that PASEOS can model the described scenarios efficiently and thus provide insight into operational considerations. We show this in terms of runtime and overhead as well as by investigating the modelled temperature, battery status and communication windows of a constellation. By running PASEOS on an actual satellite processor, we showcase how PASEOS can be directly included in hardware demonstrators for future missions. Overall, we provide the first solution to holistically model the physical constraints spacecraft encounter in Earth orbit and beyond. The PASEOS module is available open-source online together with an extensive documentation to enable researchers to quickly incorporate it in their studies.