标题： 中子星关于强子-夸克相变的信息：贝叶斯研究 显示英文标题

标题： What neutron stars tell about the hadron-quark phase transition: a Bayesian study

摘要： 中子星中最重的星体内部存在夸克物质一直是近期许多研究的主题，其中许多研究认为中子星内部发生强相互作用的共形物质相变是可行的。 在这里，我们使用一种软核子模型和一种硬核子模型、一个包含三种夸克味的组分夸克模型，并在两者之间应用平滑的交叉过渡来检验这种混合星情景。 在贝叶斯框架下，我们研究了最新的中子星观测约束对状态方程参数和各种中子星可观测量的影响。 我们的结果表明，只有当中子星的最大质量低于$\sim2.35~M_\odot$时，纯夸克核心才有可能存在。 然而，我们还发现，与其它研究一致，声速的峰值超过$1/3$非常受天体物理测量的支持，这可能表明在$\sim3-4n_0$处发生了强子的渗透。 尽管我们对相变参数的预测会根据所使用的具体天体物理约束而有所不同，但声速峰值的位置仅略有变化，而使用我们的参数化方法，在$\sim4 n_0$以下存在纯夸克物质的情况则不被支持。 另一方面，状态方程的首选范围在$\sim4n_0$以上显示出共形性的迹象。 此外，我们展示了使用完整概率密度数据和尖锐截断进行半径估计上限的差异，并强调使用前者的必要性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The existence of quark matter inside the heaviest neutron stars has been the topic of numerous recent studies, many of them suggesting that a phase transition to strongly interacting conformal matter inside neutron stars is feasible. Here we examine this hybrid star scenario using a soft and a stiff hadronic model, a constituent quark model with three quark flavours, and applying a smooth crossover transition between the two. Within a Bayesian framework, we study the effect of up-to-date constraints from neutron star observations on the equation-of-state parameters and various neutron star observables. Our results show that a pure quark core is only possible if the maximum mass of neutron stars is below $\sim2.35~M_\odot$. However, we also find, consistently with other studies, that a peak in the speed of sound, exceeding $1/3$, is highly favoured by astrophysical measurements, which might indicate the percolation of hadrons at $\sim3-4n_0$. Even though our prediction for the phase transition parameters varies depending on the specific astrophysical constraints utilized, the position of the speed of sound peak only changes slightly, while the existence of pure quark matter below $\sim4 n_0$, using our parameterization, is disfavoured. On the other hand, the preferred range for the EoS shows signs of conformality above $\sim4n_0$. Additionally, we present the difference in the upper bounds of radius estimates using the full probability density data and sharp cut-offs, and stress the necessity of using the former.