标题： 黑洞面积定理的推广 显示英文标题

标题： A generalization of the Hawking black hole area theorem

摘要： 霍金的黑洞面积定理是通过使用无质量能量条件（NEC）证明的，这是一个局部条件，被量子场违反。NEC的违反通常被认为是半经典引力背景下允许黑洞蒸发的原因。在这里，我们提供了经典黑洞面积定理的两个推广：首先，用平均条件证明原始定理，这是使用无光线聚焦来证明定理的最弱可能的能量条件。其次，证明了一个面积类型的结论，该结论允许黑洞视界缩小，但对其提供了限制。此限制可以通过一种受量子能量不等式启发的条件转换为对黑洞蒸发率的限制。最后，我们展示了如何将我们的限制应用于两个违反经典能量条件的情况。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Hawking's black hole area theorem was proven using the null energy condition (NEC), a pointwise condition violated by quantum fields. The violation of the NEC is usually cited as the reason that black hole evaporation is allowed in the context of semiclassical gravity. Here we provide two generalizations of the classical black hole area theorem: First, a proof of the original theorem with an averaged condition, the weakest possible energy condition to prove the theorem using focusing of null geodesics. Second, a proof of an area-type result that allows for the shrinking of the black hole horizon but provides a bound on it. This bound can be translated to a bound on the black hole evaporation rate using a condition inspired from quantum energy inequalities. Finally, we show how our bound can be applied to two cases that violate classical energy conditions.