标题： AKR中的ECMI共振再研究：双曲共振、谐波、波-波相互作用 显示英文标题

标题： ECMI Resonance in AKR Revisited: Hyperbolic Resonance, Harmonics, Wave-Wave Interaction

摘要： 电子回旋磁振不稳定性（ECMI）中基频和更高电子回旋谐波的共振条件的回顾表明，低于谐波的辐射得到确认，并且在高于谐波的窄带中也存在辐射的可能性 $n>1$。 在受限的下X模分支上的 $n=1$ 共振附近，相速度和群速度的降低支持了放大。 受限的慢速大振幅准静电X模非线性调制等离子体，形成空泡，直到进一步增加波数时被自身捕获在其中。 它们经历波-波相互作用，在低于 $n=2$ 的第二谐波带中实现向自由空间的逃逸。 在足够大的平行波数（斜向传播）情况下，基频共振 $n=1$ 是双曲线形的，这一可能性至今被忽视但对向上电流区域的有效ECMI至关重要。 在这里，共振双曲线良好地适配损失锥边界，即假设重要的ECMI向上电流源-电子分布，在可用极光电子能量下激发ECMI增长。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Recapitulation of the resonance condition for the fundamental and higher electron cyclotron harmonics in the Electron Cyclotron Maser Instability (ECMI) enables radiation below and confirms the possibility of radiation in a narrow band above harmonics $n>1$. Near $n=1$ resonance on the confined lower X-mode branch, amplification is supported by the decrease of phase and group speeds. Confined slow large-amplitude quasi-electrostatic X-modes nonlinearly modulate the plasma to form cavitons until self-trapped inside them at further increasing wavenumber. They undergo wave-wave interaction, enabling escape to free space in the second harmonic band below $n=2$. At sufficiently large parallel wavenumber (oblique propagation), the fundamental resonance $n=1$ is hyperbolic, a possibility so far missed but vital for an effective ECMI in the upward current region. Here, the resonance hyperbola favourably fits the loss cone boundary, the presumably important ECMI upward-current source-electron distribution, to stimulate ECMI growth at available auroral electron energies.