标题： 宏观物理系统对精细结构常数变化的敏感性调控 显示英文标题

标题： Engineering the sensitivity of macroscopic physical systems to variations in the fine-structure constant

摘要： 旨在搜寻精细结构常数变化的实验 $\alpha$基于微观束缚系统（如原子和离子）跃迁的光谱学或者光学腔共振的研究。这些系统对$\alpha$变化的敏感度通常约为一阶量级，并且对于特定系统而言是固定的。 对于重原子、高度电离离子以及核跃迁，可以通过利用相对论效应和量子态的有利排列来提高敏感度。 本文提出了一种控制宏观物理系统敏感因子的新方法。描述了具有可调$\alpha$敏感度的光学腔的具体概念。 这些系统显示出与之前研究宏观系统对$\alpha$变化敏感度的性质有质的不同，在之前的研究所发现的敏感度是固定并且本质上限制在一阶量级。 尽管本文提出的特定光学腔配置可能达到的实验约束尚未超过目前对$\alpha$变化的最佳约束，但这项工作为寻找物理学基本常数的变化开辟了新的途径。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Experiments aimed at searching for variations in the fine-structure constant $\alpha$ are based on spectroscopy of transitions in microscopic bound systems, such as atoms and ions, or resonances in optical cavities. The sensitivities of these systems to variations in $\alpha$ are typically on the order of unity and are fixed for a given system. For heavy atoms, highly charged ions and nuclear transitions, the sensitivity can be increased by benefiting from the relativistic effects and favorable arrangement of quantum states. This article proposes a new method for controlling the sensitivity factor of macroscopic physical systems. Specific concepts of optical cavities with tunable sensitivity to $\alpha$ are described. These systems show qualitatively different properties from those of previous studies of the sensitivity of macroscopic systems to variations in $\alpha$, in which the sensitivity was found to be fixed and fundamentally limited to an order of unity. Although possible experimental constraints attainable with the specific optical cavity arrangements proposed in this article do not yet exceed the present best constraints on $\alpha$ variations, this work paves the way for developing new approaches to searching for variations in the fundamental constants of physics.