标题： 由费米/大面积望远镜观测到的伴随持续γ射线辐射事件的日冕物质抛射的速度和加速度 显示英文标题

标题： Speed and Acceleration of CMEs Associated with Sustained Gamma-Ray Emission Events Observed by Fermi/LAT

摘要： 太阳的持续伽马射线发射（SGRE）是一种超过100 MeV的伽马射线发射的延长增强现象，这种现象会超出耀斑的爆发阶段。关于产生超过300 MeV质子导致SGRE的起源存在争议，耀斑和由日冕物质抛射（CMEs）驱动的冲击波都被认为是质子加速的可能场所。 我们比较了近太阳区域CMEs的加速和空间速度与“快速”和“延迟”（SGRE）伽马射线成分之间的关系（Ajello等，2021年）。我们发现，“延迟”成分相关的CMEs比仅与“快速”成分相关的CMEs具有更高的初始加速度和空间速度。 我们选择了与II型射电爆发（驱动冲击波的CMEs）相关的晕状CMEs（HCMEs），并将伴有或不伴有SGRE事件、主要太阳高能粒子（SEP）事件、米级或十兆赫至百兆赫（DH）II型射电爆发的HCME群体的平均加速度和空间速度进行了比较。我们发现，与DH II型射电爆发和/或主要SEP事件相关的SGRE产生HCMEs具有更高的空间速度，尤其是更高的初始加速度，而那些没有SGRE事件的则较低。 我们利用STEREO日冕仪的白光图像和Wind卫星WAVES设备的射电动态频谱，估算了2012年1月23日和3月7日SGRE事件结束时由CME驱动的冲击波的径向距离和速度。这些冲击波位于0.6-0.8天文单位的径向距离上，其速度足够高（分别约为975 km/s$^{-1}$和750 km/s$^{-1}$），足以实现高能粒子加速。 因此，我们得出结论，我们的研究结果支持CME驱动的冲击波作为>300 MeV质子的来源。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The sustained gamma-ray emission (SGRE) from the Sun is a prolonged enhancement of >100 MeV gamma-ray emission that extends beyond the flare impulsive phase.The origin of the >300 MeV protons resulting in SGRE is debated, both flares and shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) being the suggested sites of proton acceleration. We compared the near-Sun acceleration and space speed of CMEs with 'Prompt' and 'Delayed' (SGRE) gamma-ray components (Ajello et al. 2021). We found that 'Delayed'-component-associated CMEs have higher initial acceleration and space speed than 'Prompt-only'-component-associated CMEs. We selected halo CMEs (HCMEs) associated with type II radio bursts (shock-driving HCMEs) and compared the average acceleration and space speed between HCME populations with or without SGRE events, major solar energetic particle (SEP) events, metric, or decameter-hectometric (DH) type II radio bursts. We found that the SGRE-producing HCMEs associated with a DH type II radio burst and/or a major SEP event have higher space speeds and especially initial accelerations than those without an SGRE event. We estimated the radial distance and speed of the CME-driven shocks at the end time of the 2012 January 23 and March 07 SGRE events using white-light images of STEREO Heliospheric Imagers and radio dynamic spectra of Wind WAVES. The shocks were at the radial distances of 0.6-0.8 au and their speeds were high enough (~975 km s$^{-1}$ and ~750 km s$^{-1}$, respectively) for high-energy particle acceleration. Therefore, we conclude that our findings support the CME-driven shock as the source of >300 MeV protons.