标题： 私下执法黑暗模式 显示英文标题

标题： Privately Policing Dark Patterns

摘要： 立法者们正在制定新法律，以针对“黑暗模式”——即那些欺骗或强迫用户启用手机位置跟踪、分享浏览数据、启动自动计费或做出设计者偏好的其他选择的用户界面设计。 黑暗模式是一个严重的问题。在最激进的形式下，它们会干扰人类的自主性，破坏客户对产品和服务的评估和选择，并扭曲在线市场。 然而，制定法律是一项重大挑战：说服和欺骗很难区分，不断变化的技术趋势带来了不断变化的目标。 为了解决这些挑战，本文建议利用州私人法来定义和追踪黑暗模式的演变。 法官制定的决策法可以快速应对新技术，灵活界定合法和非法设计之间的界限，并通过迅速识别最损害用户自主性的设计来加强州和联邦监管执法行动。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Lawmakers around the country are crafting new laws to target "dark patterns" -- user interface designs that trick or coerce users into enabling cell phone location tracking, sharing browsing data, initiating automatic billing, or making whatever other choices their designers prefer. Dark patterns pose a serious problem. In their most aggressive forms, they interfere with human autonomy, undermine customers' evaluation and selection of products, and distort online markets for goods and services. Yet crafting legislation is a major challenge: Persuasion and deception are difficult to distinguish, and shifting tech trends present an ever-moving target. To address these challenges, this Article proposes leveraging state private law to define and track dark patterns as they evolve. Judge-crafted decisional law can respond quickly to new techniques, flexibly define the boundary between permissible and impermissible designs, and bolster state and federal regulatory enforcement efforts by quickly identifying those designs that most undermine user autonomy.