标题： 一个针对快速变化恒星的均匀间隔的LSST观测计划 显示英文标题

标题： An Evenly-Spaced LSST Cadence for Rapidly Variable Stars

摘要： 恒星表现出令人眼花缭乱的快速变化行为，从爆炸性的磁暴到随机变化的吸积，再到周期性脉动或旋转。 鲁宾天文台（Rubin Observatory）遗产时空巡天计划（LSST）的主要巡天计划的观测频率太稀疏且不规则，无法捕捉许多这些现象。 我们在此提议一个LSST微巡天计划，观察银河系中的一个丰富未被遮蔽恒星的单一区域，在单个光电波段中连续进行30秒曝光，持续一个漫长的冬季夜晚。这将产生一个由$\sim 1$百万条规则间隔的恒星光变曲线（LCs）组成的独特数据集。 这些光变曲线将构成晚期恒星耀发的一个全面集合，但也包括其他类别，如短周期双星系统和灾变变星，年轻恒星天体以及超短周期系外行星。 可能存在未知种类的异常太阳系、银河系和河外变量和瞬态现象。 可以从长期的时间序列分析、信号处理和计量经济学领域应用强大的统计程序来处理单独的光变曲线，提取数十个描述变异性特征，并对光变曲线集合进行先进的机器学习聚类程序。 这将给出一个基于相同频率光变曲线的独特、权威和客观的快速变化天空分类学。 这个微巡天计划最好在鲁宾天文台项目早期执行，其结果可以告知更广泛的社区关于从主导计划巡天的稀疏、不规则频率中识别和分类变星的最佳方法。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Stars exhibit a bewildering variety of rapidly variable behaviors ranging from explosive magnetic flares to stochastically changing accretion to periodic pulsations or rotation. The principal Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) surveys will have cadences too sparse and irregular to capture many of these phenomena. We propose here a LSST micro-survey to observe a single Galactic field, rich in unobscured stars, in a continuous sequence of 30 second exposures for one long winter night in a single photometric band. The result will be a unique dataset of $\sim 1$ million regularly spaced stellar light curves (LCs). The LCs will constitute a comprehensive collection of late-type stellar flaring, but also other classes like short-period binary systems and cataclysmic variables, young stellar objects and ultra-short period exoplanets. An unknown variety of anomalous Solar System, Galactic and extragalactic variables and transients may also be present. A powerful array of statistical procedures can be applied to individual LCs from the long-standing fields of time series analysis, signal processing and econometrics. Dozens of `features' describing the variability can be extracted and the ensemble of light curves can be subject to advanced machine learning clustering procedures. This will give a unique, authoritative, objective taxonomy of the rapidly variable sky derived from identically cadenced LCs. This micro-survey is best performed early in the Rubin Observatory program, and the results can inform the wider community on the best approaches to variable star identification and classification from the sparse, irregular cadences that dominate the planned surveys.