标题： 劳动空间：通过大型语言模型对劳动力市场的统一表示 显示英文标题

标题： Labor Space: A Unifying Representation of the Labor Market via Large Language Models

摘要： 劳动力市场是一个由多种相互关联的实体组成的复杂生态系统，如行业、职业、技能和公司。 由于缺乏系统的方法来将这些异构实体整合在一起，每个实体都被孤立分析，或者仅通过成对关系进行分析，这阻碍了对整个生态系统的全面理解。 在此，我们引入了$\textit{Labor Space}$，这是一种通过微调大型语言模型得到的异构劳动力市场实体的向量空间嵌入。 劳动空间揭示了各种劳动力市场组成成分的复杂关系网络，促进了对行业、职业、技能和公司的连贯综合分析，同时保留了类型特定的聚类。 我们展示了其前所未有的分析能力，包括在经济轴上定位异构实体，例如 `制造业--医疗保健'。 此外，通过允许这些实体的向量运算，劳动空间能够探索复杂的单元间关系，并随后估计经济冲击对单个单元及其在整个劳动力市场中的连锁反应的影响。 我们认为，劳动空间为政策制定者和企业领导者提供了劳动力市场分析和模拟的全面统一框架，促进了更细致和有效的战略决策。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The labor market is a complex ecosystem comprising diverse, interconnected entities, such as industries, occupations, skills, and firms. Due to the lack of a systematic method to map these heterogeneous entities together, each entity has been analyzed in isolation or only through pairwise relationships, inhibiting comprehensive understanding of the whole ecosystem. Here, we introduce $\textit{Labor Space}$, a vector-space embedding of heterogeneous labor market entities, derived through applying a large language model with fine-tuning. Labor Space exposes the complex relational fabric of various labor market constituents, facilitating coherent integrative analysis of industries, occupations, skills, and firms, while retaining type-specific clustering. We demonstrate its unprecedented analytical capacities, including positioning heterogeneous entities on an economic axes, such as `Manufacturing--Healthcare'. Furthermore, by allowing vector arithmetic of these entities, Labor Space enables the exploration of complex inter-unit relations, and subsequently the estimation of the ramifications of economic shocks on individual units and their ripple effect across the labor market. We posit that Labor Space provides policymakers and business leaders with a comprehensive unifying framework for labor market analysis and simulation, fostering more nuanced and effective strategic decision-making.