标题： SDSS-IV从2014年到2016年：三年的详细人口统计比较 显示英文标题

标题： SDSS-IV from 2014 to 2016: A Detailed Demographic Comparison over Three Years

摘要： 斯隆数字巡天（SDSS）是最大的国际天文组织之一。 我们展示了基于2014年、2015年和2016年对其成员调查的数据，这是SDSS第四阶段（SDSS-IV）期间的情况。 我们发现，大约一半的SDSS-IV合作成员位于北美，四分之一位于欧洲，其余分布于亚洲以及中美洲和南美洲。 总体而言，2014年至2016年间女性占比为26%-36%，最多有2%报告非二元性别。 11%-14%的成员报告自己在当地属于种族或民族少数群体。 女性在职位上的比例随着资历的增长而下降，并且在合作领导层中也较低。 SDSS-IV的男性更有可能报告自己处于领导角色，并且这些角色更可能获得资助和正式认可。 与普通人群相比，SDSS-IV的合作成员中有父母拥有大学学位的比例是两倍，而父母拥有博士学位的比例是十倍。 这一趋势对于女性合作成员来说略有增强。 尽管如此，第一代大学生（FGCS）的比例仍然显著（31%）。 这一比例在种族或民族少数群体的合作成员中有所增加（40%-50%），而在女性中则有所减少（15%-25%）。 SDSS-IV实施了许多包容性政策，并成立了专门的委员会，即SDSS包容委员会（COINS）。 超过60%的合作成员同意该合作具有包容性；然而，合作领导层对此的认同度高于普通成员。 本文中，我们将详细解释这些结果，包括SDSS-IV在包容性方面的历史努力。 最后，我们根据研究结果提出一些建议，这些建议可用于改善大型天文合作中的公平性和包容性，我们认为这不仅符合道德，而且还将优化其科学产出。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is one of the largest international astronomy organizations. We present demographic data based on surveys of its members from 2014, 2015 and 2016, during the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV). We find about half of SDSS-IV collaboration members were based in North America, a quarter in Europe, and the remainder in Asia and Central and South America. Overall, 26-36% are women (from 2014 to 2016), up to 2% report non-binary genders. 11-14% report that they are racial or ethnic minorities where they live. The fraction of women drops with seniority, and is also lower among collaboration leadership. Men in SDSS-IV were more likely to report being in a leadership role, and for the role to be funded and formally recognized. SDSS-IV collaboration members are twice as likely to have a parent with a college degree, than the general population, and are ten times more likely to have a parent with a PhD. This trend is slightly enhanced for female collaboration members. Despite this, the fraction of first generation college students (FGCS) is significant (31%). This fraction increased among collaboration members who are racial or ethnic minorities (40-50%), and decreased among women (15-25%). SDSS-IV implemented many inclusive policies and established a dedicated committee, the Committee on INclusiveness in SDSS (COINS). More than 60% of the collaboration agree that the collaboration is inclusive; however, collaboration leadership more strongly agree with this than the general membership. In this paper, we explain these results in full, including the history of inclusive efforts in SDSS-IV. We conclude with a list of suggested recommendations based on our findings, which can be used to improve equity and inclusion in large astronomical collaborations, which we argue is not only moral, but will also optimize their scientific output.