标题： 成像由三维GRMHD模拟生成的半解析喷流模型 显示英文标题

标题： Imaging a Semi-Analytical Jet model Generated by 3D GRMHD Simulation

摘要： 通过使用三维GRMHD模拟，我们研究了围绕中心旋转黑洞的吸积系统中几何薄喷流的图像，其辐射集中在喷流表面。 通过引入强磁场，我们观察到黑洞吸积演化的三个阶段：(a) 初始阶段，吸积率和视界上的磁通量逐渐增加；(b) 在中间阶段，磁通量近似达到饱和，并通过Blandford-Znajek（BZ）机制形成喷流；(c) 最终，整个系统达到动态平衡，并形成磁压致稳盘（MAD）。 我们仔细研究了在饱和阶段和MAD阶段，不同频率和不同观测角度下的喷流图像。 我们发现了喷流表面边界附近的U形更亮线条，这些线条可以归因于沿着喷流表面掠过轨迹的光子。 这些更亮线条的存在是几何薄喷流的独特特征。 此外，我们注意到喷流图像对感兴趣的观测频率相对不敏感。 另外，我们观察到高度振荡的MAD阶段的时间平均图像与饱和阶段的图像只有微小差异。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Employing 3D GRMHD simulation, we study the images of a geometrically thin jet, whose emissions concentrate on its surface, for accretion system surrounding a central spinning BH. By introducing a strong magnetic field, we observe three phases of BH accretion evolution: (a) initially, both the accretion rate and the magnetic flux on the horizon gradually increase; (b) at an intermediate stage, the magnetic flux approximately reaches saturation, and a jet forms via the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism; (c) ultimately, the entire system achieves a dynamic equilibrium, and a magnetically arrested disk (MAD) forms. We carefully study the jet images during the saturation and MAD regimes at various frequencies and from different observational angles. We reveal the presence of U-shaped brighter lines near the jet surface boundaries, which can be attributed to the photons whose trajectories skim over the jet surface. The existence of these brighter lines is a unique feature of a geometrically thin jet. Moreover, we notice that the jet images are relatively insensitive to the observed frequencies of interest. Additionally, we observe that the time-averaged images for the highly oscillating MAD regime show only slight differences from those of the saturation regime.