标题： 几乎优势：推断与应用 显示英文标题

标题： Almost Dominance: Inference and Application

摘要： 本文提出了一个通用框架，用于对三种几乎支配关系进行推断：几乎洛伦兹支配、几乎逆随机支配和几乎随机支配。 我们首先将几乎洛伦兹支配推广为几乎向上和向下洛伦兹支配。 然后，我们提供了用于洛伦兹支配系数的引导推断过程，这些系数衡量几乎洛伦兹支配的程度。 此外，我们提出了几乎向上和向下的逆随机支配，并提供了对逆随机支配系数的推断。 我们还表明，我们的结果可以很容易地扩展到几乎随机支配。 模拟研究展示了所提出估计量和引导置信区间的有限样本性质。 我们将我们的方法应用于英国的不平等增长，并发现了几乎向上逆随机支配的证据。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This paper proposes a general framework for inference on three types of almost dominances: Almost Lorenz dominance, almost inverse stochastic dominance, and almost stochastic dominance. We first generalize almost Lorenz dominance to almost upward and downward Lorenz dominances. We then provide a bootstrap inference procedure for the Lorenz dominance coefficients, which measure the degrees of almost Lorenz dominances. Furthermore, we propose almost upward and downward inverse stochastic dominances and provide inference on the inverse stochastic dominance coefficients. We also show that our results can easily be extended to almost stochastic dominance. Simulation studies demonstrate the finite sample properties of the proposed estimators and the bootstrap confidence intervals. We apply our methods to the inequality growth in the United Kingdom and find evidence for almost upward inverse stochastic dominance.