标题： $t\bar{t}W$产生的总截面和微分截面在$pp$碰撞中$\sqrt{s}=13$TeV 的测量与 ATLAS 探测器 显示英文标题

标题： Measurement of the total and differential cross-sections of $t\bar{t}W$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

摘要： 包含和微分产生横截面的顶夸克-反顶夸克对与$W$玻色子（$t\bar{t}W$）联合产生的测量结果被呈现。 它们是通过针对包含两个同电荷或三个孤立轻子（电子或缪子）的最终态进行的，并基于 $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV 质子-质子碰撞数据，总积分亮度为 140 fb$^{-1}$，这些数据是在 2015 年至 2018 年间使用大型强子对撞机上的 ATLAS 探测器记录的。 总的$t\bar{t}W$产生横截面被测量为 $880 \pm 80$ fb，与参考理论预测值 $745 \pm 50\,\textrm{(scale)} \pm 13\,\textrm{(2-loop approx.)} \pm 19\,\textrm{(PDF,} \alpha_{\textrm{S}})$ fb 相比。 微分横截面测量首次详细表征了这一过程。 几种粒子级可观测量与多种理论预测进行了比较，这些理论预测与归一化的微分横截面结果总体上吻合良好。 此外，$t\bar{t}W^{+}$和$t\bar{t}W^{-}$的相对电荷不对称性被整体测量为${A_{\mathrm{C}}^{\mathrm{rel}}} = 0.33 \pm 0.05$，与理论预测$0.322 \pm 0.003\,\mathrm{(scale)} \pm 0.007\,\mathrm{(PDF)}$非常一致，同时也具有差异性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Measurements of inclusive and differential production cross-sections of a top-quark-top-antiquark pair in association with a $W$ boson ($t\bar{t}W$) are presented. They are performed by targeting final states with two same-sign or three isolated leptons (electrons or muons) and are based on $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV proton-proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb$^{-1}$, recorded from 2015 to 2018 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The inclusive $t\bar{t}W$ production cross-section is measured to be $880 \pm 80$ fb, compared to a reference theoretical prediction of $745 \pm 50\,\textrm{(scale)} \pm 13\,\textrm{(2-loop approx.)} \pm 19\,\textrm{(PDF,} \alpha_{\textrm{S}})$ fb. Differential cross-section measurements characterise this process in detail for the first time. Several particle-level observables are compared with a variety of theoretical predictions, which generally agree well with the normalised differential cross-section results. Additionally, the relative charge asymmetry of $t\bar{t}W^{+}$ and $t\bar{t}W^{-}$ is measured inclusively to be ${A_{\mathrm{C}}^{\mathrm{rel}}} = 0.33 \pm 0.05$, in very good agreement with the theoretical prediction of $0.322 \pm 0.003\,\mathrm{(scale)} \pm 0.007\,\mathrm{(PDF)}$, as well as differentially.