标题： 核的电磁和引力形式因子 显示英文标题

标题： Electromagnetic and gravitational form factors of the nucleon

摘要： 形式因子是描述系统内部结构的洛伦兹不变函数。特别地，它们编码了物理性质（例如电荷、能量、动量和压力）在空间中的分布方式。虽然核子电磁形式因子已经被研究了很长时间，但核子引力形式因子首次从实验数据中提取出来是在2018年，这在强子物理学界引起了极大的热情和关注。在这篇贡献中，我们将回顾一些理论基础，讨论这些形式因子的物理解释的最新进展，并展望可以从中学到关于核子质量和自旋结构的什么内容。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Form factors are Lorentz invariant functions describing the internal structure of a system. In particular, they encode how physical properties like, e.g., charge, energy, momentum, and pressure are spatially distributed. While nucleon electromagnetic form factors have been studied for a long time, the first extraction of nucleon gravitational form factors from experimental data was reported in 2018, triggering a lot of enthusiasm and attention in the hadronic community. In this contribution we review some theoretical bases, discuss recent developments regarding the physical interpretation of these form factors, and give a glimpse of what can be learned about the mass and spin structure of the nucleon.