标题： 中子星的热x射线研究与状态方程 显示英文标题

标题： Thermal x-ray studies of neutron stars and the equation of state

摘要： 中子星状态方程的理解依赖于对多信使、多波段数据的综合分析。 NICER 对 PSR J0030+0451 数据的近期审查引入了复杂性，揭示了与 HESS J1731-347 中央致密天体另一次 X 射线观测之间的张力，特别是关于低质量中子星的质量-半径约束。 当将 NICER 的更新数据与 LIGO/Virgo 来自 GW170817 双中子星合并的引力波数据相结合时，这种张力仍然存在。 尽管尝试调和这些不同的观测结果，当前的联合数据仍无法区分不同类型的中子星——无论是纯中子星还是混合星。 贝叶斯推理表明，与核物质和脱禁闭相变相关的参数后验范围仅发生适度变化。 这一持续探索突显了精确描述中子星所面临的复杂挑战。 它还指出，未来更准确的不同质量中子星的半径测量可能有助于探测不同密度区域的状态方程。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The understanding of neutron star equation of state hinges on a comprehensive analysis of multi-messenger, multi-wavelength data. The recent scrutiny of PSR J0030+0451 data by NICER introduces complexities, unveiling a tension with another X-ray observation of the central compact object in HESS J1731-347, specifically concerning the mass-radius constraint of low-mass neutron stars. This tension persists when integrating NICER's updated data with LIGO/Virgo's gravitational-wave data from the GW170817 binary neutron star merger. Despite attempts to reconcile these disparate observations, the current combined data still can not distinguish different types of neutron stars -- whether they are pure neutron stars or hybrid stars. Bayesian inference indicates only modest changes in the posterior ranges of parameters related to the nuclear matter and deconfinement phase transition. This ongoing exploration underscores the intricate challenges in precisely characterizing neutron stars. It also points out that it is possible to probe the equation of state at different density regimes from future more accurate radii of neutron stars with various masses.