标题： 一种非阿贝尔规范理论用于$~^3$氦-表面激发态 显示英文标题

标题： A Non-Abelian Gauge Theory for Surface Excitations of $~^3$He-B

摘要： 在$~^3$He-B 中，两个原子在相变温度以上以轨道角动量$1$自旋三重态配对，具有$SO(3) \times SO(3)$对称性。 在转变温度以下，由于自旋-轨道耦合，这种对称性自发地破缺为对角线$SO(3)$。 基于有效势和孤子的考虑表明，$SO(3)$的得到增强至$SU(3)$的，并且对称性破缺是$G= SU(3) \times SU(3)\times U(1)$到$H= SU(3)$的。 结果戈德斯通模的理论可以自然地表述为$H$的规范理论。 此处处理了其高斯定律，并显示它会导致由大规范变换支配的动力学容器中的表面态。 指出了可观测的后果。 分析转移到QCD的手征模型中，其中$SU(3)$是左和右手征群，$U(1)$是轴矢$U(1)$，剩余对称性是味$SU(3)$，戈德斯通模式是π介子。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In $~^3$He-B, two atoms pair in an orbital angular momentum $1$ spin triplet state above the phase transition temperature with $SO(3) \times SO(3)$ symmetry. Below the transition temperature, this symmetry is spontaneously broken to the diagonal $SO(3)$ due to spin-orbit coupling. Considerations based on effective potentials and solitons show that $SO(3)$'s gets enhanced to $SU(3)$'s and the symmetry breaking is that of $G= SU(3) \times SU(3)\times U(1)$ to $H= SU(3)$. The theory of the resultant Goldtsone modes can be naturally formulated as a gauge theory of $H$. Its Gauss law is treated here and shown to lead to surface states in a container with a dynamics governed by large gauge transformations. Observable consequences are pointed. The transference of the analysis to the chiral model of QCD is pointed out where $SU(3)$ are the left and right chiral groups, $U(1)$ is the axial $U(1)$ , the surviving symmetry is flavour $SU(3)$ and the Goldstone modes are the pions.