标题： B介子作为热QCD物质的重要探针 显示英文标题

标题： B-mesons as essential probes of hot QCD matter

摘要： 本文阐明了B介子和底重子态在探索高温QCD物质（通常称为由重离子碰撞实验产生的夸克胶子等离子体(QGP)）的存在及其性质方面所起的关键作用。 由于强相互作用力的复杂性和混乱性，直接探测高温QCD物质是不可能的。 鉴于此，在高温QCD介质中研究b夸克和反b夸克的动力学成为一种非常有价值的间接探测手段。 b夸克和介子的影响涵盖了有限温度下QCD物理的多个有趣领域，包括QCD相变、颜色屏蔽、夸克偶素解离、重夸克能量损失和集体流、各向异性特征以及高温QCD介质的强耦合性质。 这些方面强调了B介子在通过QGP/高温QCD物质探索强相互作用力复杂性质过程中的不可或缺性。 在此背景下，我们主要关注与热QCD介质中B介子输运研究、格点QCD、底重子态的有效场论研究，以及最终开放量子系统框架下夸克偶素用于探索相对论重离子碰撞实验中高温QCD介质性质的工作。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This article elucidates the pivotal role of b-mesons and bottomonium states in exploring the existence and properties of hot QCD matter (commonly known as quark-gluon-plasma (QGP) produced within the crucible heavy-ion collision experiments). Owing to the complex and confounding nature of strong interaction force the direct detection of probing the hot QCD matter is not feasible. In light of this, investigating the dynamics of b-quarks and anti-quarks within the hot QCD medium emerges as an invaluable indirect probe. The impact of b-quarks and the mesons spans a spectrum of interesting domains regarding the physics of QCD at finite temperature, encompassing the QCD phase transition, color screening, quarkonia dissociation, heavy quark energy loss and collective flow, anisotropic aspects, and strongly coupled nature of hot QCD medium. These aspects underscore the indispensable nature of B-mesons in the quest to create and explore the complex nature of strong interaction force through the QGP/hot QCD matter. In this context, we mainly focus on works related to transport studies of b-mesons in hot QCD medium, lattice QCD, and effective field theory studies on bottomonium states, and finally, open quantum system frameworks to quarkonia to explore the properties of hot QCD medium in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments.