标题： 临界点附近伪戈德斯通阻尼的普遍性 显示英文标题

标题： Universality of pseudo-Goldstone damping near critical points

摘要： 强关联体系的实时动力学，特别是相变附近的临界动力学，一直处于物理学多个领域研究的前沿，例如高能物理、凝聚态物理、全息理论等。 在本工作中，我们研究了与近似对称性自发破缺相关的集体模的临界阻尼，这些模被称为伪戈德斯通模，在强关联体系中进行研究。 使用施温格-凯尔迪什场论，我们通过一种之前其他方法从未发现过的临界 O($N$) 模型，发现了普遍的伪戈德斯通阻尼。 不同于全息理论和流体力学中发现的传统阻尼，这种新的阻尼由临界涨落控制，因此在平均场系统或具有经典引力对偶的强关联体系中是不可见的。 由于临界阻尼仅依赖于临界点的普适性，而与微观细节无关，我们的结论应适用于广泛的一类相互作用体系。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Real-time dynamics of strongly correlated systems, in particular its critical dynamics near phase transitions, have been always on the cutting edge of studies in diverse fields of physics, e.g., high energy physics, condensed matter, holography, etc. In this work, we investigate the critical damping of collective modes associated with spontaneous breaking of approximate symmetries, which are called pseudo-Goldstone modes, in strongly correlated systems. Using the Schwinger-Keldysh field theory, we find a universal pseudo-Goldstone damping via the critical O($N$) model that has never been found before by other approaches. Different from the conventional damping found in holography and hydrodynamics, the new one is controlled by critical fluctuations, hence is invisible in mean-field systems or strongly correlated systems with classical gravity duals. Since the critical damping depends solely on the universalities of the critical point, irrespective of the microscopic details, our conclusion should be applicable to a wide class of interacting systems.