标题： 表面码魔态工厂中避免多量子比特突发错误 显示英文标题

标题： Averting multi-qubit burst errors in surface code magic state factories

摘要： 容错量子计算依赖于时间不变且足够低的物理错误率假设。 然而，当前的超导量子计算机受到频繁的破坏性噪声事件的影响，包括宇宙射线撞击和两能级系统缺陷的变化。 已经提出了几种软件方法来缓解这些问题，但它们在物理量子比特数量方面增加了很大的开销，因为很难通过突发错误事件保留逻辑信息。 我们专注于减轻魔术态工厂中的多量子比特突发错误，这些工厂预计将成为未来量子程序空间成本的95%。 我们的关键见解是，魔术态工厂不需要随时间保持逻辑信息；一旦我们检测到局部物理错误率的增加，就可以简单地关闭受影响的部分工厂，将工厂重新映射到新的芯片几何结构，并继续运行。 这比之前的更通用的方法更加高效，并且即使在许多同时发生的冲击事件下也具有弹性。 使用精确的物理噪声模型，我们展示了一种高效的光束检测方法，并在不同的噪声条件下评估了我们的策略。 与现有基线相比，我们发现光束引起的开销减少了几个数量级，根据噪声模型的不同，总量子比特周期成本减少了几何均值6.5倍至13.9倍。 这项工作通过提供这些错误的低开销软件缓解方法，减轻了硬件的负担。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Fault-tolerant quantum computation relies on the assumption of time-invariant, sufficiently low physical error rates. However, current superconducting quantum computers suffer from frequent disruptive noise events, including cosmic ray impacts and shifting two-level system defects. Several methods have been proposed to mitigate these issues in software, but they add large overheads in terms of physical qubit count, as it is difficult to preserve logical information through burst error events. We focus on mitigating multi-qubit burst errors in magic state factories, which are expected to comprise up to 95% of the space cost of future quantum programs. Our key insight is that magic state factories do not need to preserve logical information over time; once we detect an increase in local physical error rates, we can simply turn off parts of the factory that are affected, re-map the factory to the new chip geometry, and continue operating. This is much more efficient than previous more general methods, and is resilient even under many simultaneous impact events. Using precise physical noise models, we show an efficient ray detection method and evaluate our strategy in different noise regimes. Compared to existing baselines, we find reductions in ray-induced overheads by several orders of magnitude, reducing total qubitcycle cost by geomean 6.5x to 13.9x depending on the noise model. This work reduces the burden on hardware by providing low-overhead software mitigation of these errors.