标题： 在使用开源工具的雾计算中实现可观测性 显示英文标题

标题： Achieving Observability on Fog Computing with the use of open-source tools

摘要： 雾计算可以在网络边缘提供计算资源和低延迟通信。 但随之而来的不确定性必须得到管理，以保证服务等级协议。 服务可观测性可以帮助环境更好地处理不确定性，及时提供相关且最新的信息以支持决策。 可观测性被认为是对监控的超集，因为它不仅使用性能指标，还使用其他仪表化领域，如日志和跟踪。 然而，由于雾计算通常由资源受限的节点和网络不确定性所特征，增加雾的可观测性可能有风险，因为会向受限环境中注入额外负载。 文献中没有对雾可观测性进行评估的工作。 在本文中，我们首先概述了在雾环境中实现可观测性的挑战，并在此基础上提出了雾可观测性的形式化定义。 随后，部署了一个运行智能城市用例的真实世界雾计算测试平台，并展示了使用开源工具对雾可观测性的实证评估。 结果表明，在某些条件下，使用开源工具在雾计算环境中提供可观测性是可行的，尽管有必要根据应用特性控制开销并修改其默认配置。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Fog computing can provide computational resources and low-latency communication at the network edge. But with it comes uncertainties that must be managed in order to guarantee Service Level Agreements. Service observability can help the environment better deal with uncertainties, delivering relevant and up-to-date information in a timely manner to support decision making. Observability is considered a superset of monitoring since it uses not only performance metrics, but also other instrumentation domains such as logs and traces. However, as Fog Computing is typically characterised by resource-constrained nodes and network uncertainties, increasing observability in fog can be risky due to the additional load injected into a restricted environment. There is no work in the literature that evaluated fog observability. In this paper, we first outline the challenges of achieving observability in a Fog environment, based on which we present a formal definition of fog observability. Subsequently, a real-world Fog Computing testbed running a smart city use case is deployed, and an empirical evaluation of fog observability using open-source tools is presented. The results show that under certain conditions, it is viable to provide observability in a Fog Computing environment using open-source tools, although it is necessary to control the overhead modifying their default configuration according to the application characteristics.