标题： 传播微波光子在毫开尔文下的相关测量 显示英文标题

标题： Correlation measurement of propagating microwave photons at millikelvin

摘要： 微波光子在许多有前途的量子计算平台上是量子信息的重要载体。它们可以在实验中常规地生成、控制和传送，表明在量子技术中有多种应用。然而，观察微波光子的量子统计特性仍然具有挑战性：几个微波光子的能量明显小于任何室温探测器的热波动，而放大必然会引入噪声。在这里，我们提出了一种使用纳米测辐射热计的测量技术，可以直接在毫开尔文温度下测量光子统计，并克服这一权衡。我们将该方法应用于在电路量子电动力学 regime 下运行的黑体辐射器产生的热态。我们展示了纳米测辐射热计的光子数分辨能力，并揭示了由玻色-爱因斯坦分布指示的光子数方差的 n(n+1) 标度定律。通过工程输入场的相干和非相干比例，我们从测辐射热计的二阶相关测量中观察到了微波光子的超泊松和泊松统计之间的转变。这项技术有望用于用微波光子进行量子力学的基本测试，并作为量子信息处理器的可扩展读出解决方案。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Microwave photons are important carriers of quantum information in many promising platforms for quantum computing. They can be routinely generated, controlled, and teleported in experiments, indicating a variety of applications in quantum technology. However, observation of quantum statistical properties of microwave photons remains demanding: The energy of several microwave photons is considerably smaller than the thermal fluctuation of any room-temperature detector, while amplification necessarily induces noise. Here, we present a measurement technique with a nanobolometer that directly measures the photon statistics at the millikelvin temperature and overcomes this trade-off. We apply our method to thermal states generated by a blackbody radiator operating in the regime of circuit quantum electrodynamics. We demonstrate the photon number resolvedness of the nanobolometer, and reveal the n(n+1)-scaling law of the photon number variance as indicated by the Bose--Einstein distribution. By engineering the coherent and incoherent proportions of the input field, we observe the transition between super-Poissonian and Poissonian statistics of the microwave photons from the bolometric second-order correlation measurement. This technique is poised to serve in fundamental tests of quantum mechanics with microwave photons and function as a scalable readout solution for a quantum information processor.