标题： 高对比度成像在GMT首次光时：GMagAO-X的初步设计 显示英文标题

标题： High-Contrast Imaging at First-Light of the GMT: The Preliminary Design of GMagAO-X

摘要： 我们介绍了GMagAO-X的初步设计，这是为巨型麦哲伦望远镜（Giant Magellan Telescope）计划的第一台高对比度成像仪。 GMagAO-X将实现由25米GMT提供的空间分辨率和灵敏度的革命性提升。 它将首次使对围绕晚型恒星运行的附近潜在宜居类地系外行星进行光谱特征描述成为可能。 其他科学应用包括：成熟巨行星的反射光特征描述；测量年轻系外巨行星的变化性；以前所未有的空间分辨率对原恒星盘进行特征描述；以高光谱分辨率对基准恒星大气进行特征描述；以及对巨恒星和小行星等分辨物体进行测绘。 这些以及更多科学应用将由一个21000执行器的极端自适应光学系统、日冕波前控制系 统以及一组成像仪和光谱仪来实现。 我们将回顾GMagAO-X的科学驱动性能要求，其中包括在8等及更亮的恒星上于800纳米波长达到70%的Strehl比值，并在4λ/D（800纳米时为26角秒）分离处实现天体物理通量比为1e-7的后处理特征描述。 我们将概述为实现这一性能而优化的机械、光学和软件设计。 我们还将讨论与GMT本身的接口以及操作概念。 我们将介绍我们的端到端性能建模和仿真概况，包括子镜相位控制，以及原型实验室演示的概况。 最后，我们将回顾2024年2月举行的初步设计审查的结果。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present the preliminary design of GMagAO-X, the first-light high-contrast imager planned for the Giant Magellan Telescope. GMagAO-X will realize the revolutionary increase in spatial resolution and sensitivity provided by the 25 m GMT. It will enable, for the first time, the spectroscopic characterization of nearby potentially habitable terrestrial exoplanets orbiting late-type stars. Additional science cases include: reflected light characterization of mature giant planets; measurement of young extrasolar giant planet variability; characterization of circumstellar disks at unprecedented spatial resolution; characterization of benchmark stellar atmospheres at high spectral resolution; and mapping of resolved objects such as giant stars and asteroids. These, and many more, science cases will be enabled by a 21,000 actuator extreme adaptive optics system, a coronagraphic wavefront control system, and a suite of imagers and spectrographs. We will review the science-driven performance requirements for GMagAO-X, which include achieving a Strehl ratio of 70% at 800 nm on 8th mag and brighter stars, and post-processed characterization at astrophysical flux-ratios of 1e-7 at 4 lambda/D (26 mas at 800 nm) separation. We will provide an overview of the resulting mechanical, optical, and software designs optimized to deliver this performance. We will also discuss the interfaces to the GMT itself, and the concept of operations. We will present an overview of our end-to-end performance modeling and simulations, including the control of segment phasing, as well as an overview of prototype lab demonstrations. Finally, we will review the results of Preliminary Design Review held in February, 2024.