标题： 引力波源恒星环境的特征分析 显示英文标题

标题： Profiling stellar environments of gravitational wave sources

摘要： 引力波（GWs）已实现了致密双星并合（CBCs）的直接探测。然而，它们较差的定位能力和通常缺乏可观测到的电磁（EM）对应体使得很难可靠地识别其宿主，并研究孕育其演化的环境。在这项工作中，我们表明可以通过单独利用引力波测量双星质心的动力学参数（加速度及其时间导数）来直接推断宿主环境（例如宿主势能的质量和陡峭程度）的信息。我们考虑了各种现实环境中存在的CBCs，如球状星团、核星团和活动星系核盘，以展示如何从地面和空间观测台站检测到的CBCs中提取轨道和环境参数，这些观测台站包括A+灵敏度下的LIGO探测器、XG网络中的爱因斯坦望远镜、LISA以及DECIGO，即$\textit{detailed}$。这些对宿主恒星环境的限制有望增进我们对CBCs形成、演化和并合的理解，即$\textit{on a single-event basis}$。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Gravitational waves (GWs) have enabled direct detections of compact binary coalescences (CBCs). However, their poor sky localisation and the typical lack of observable electromagnetic (EM) counterparts make it difficult to confidently identify their hosts, and study the environments that nurture their evolution. In this work, we show that $\textit{detailed}$ information of the host environment (e.g. the mass and steepness of the host potential) can be directly inferred by measuring the kinematic parameters (acceleration and its time-derivatives) of the binary's center of mass using GWs alone, without requiring an EM counterpart. We consider CBCs in various realistic environments such as globular clusters, nuclear star clusters, and active galactic nuclei disks to demonstrate how orbit and environment parameters can be extracted for CBCs detectable by ground- and space-based observatories, including the LIGO detector at A+ sensitivity, Einstein Telescope of the XG network, LISA, and DECIGO, $\textit{on a single-event basis}$. These constraints on host stellar environments promise to shed light on our understanding of how CBCs form, evolve, and merge.